17. Several nucleotide bases undergo spontaneous loss of their exocyclic amino groups (deamination). Deamination of the nucleotide bases cytosine and 5-methylcytosine yields nucleotide bases:
(A) thymine and uracil, respectively.
(B) hypoxanthine and xanthine, respectively.
(C) uracil only.
(D) uracil and thymine, respectively.

(E) uracil and hypoxanthine, respectively.

1. Please choose the answer from the following descriptions:1. Glc(1αβ1) Fru is sucrose.2. Some sugars occur naturally in their L form.3. Dextran is homopolysaccharide.4. Hyaluronate and heparin are sulfated heteropolysaccharides.5. Starch is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature.(A) 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.(B) 2 and 3 are correct.(C) 3 and 5 are incorrect.(D) 2,4, and 5 are incorrect.(E) 2, 3, and 4 are correct.

2. Please choose the answer from the following descriptions:1. a-Keratin is a protein which provides strength in connective tissue.2. Disulfide linkages are important for keratin structure.3. Gly residues are particularly abundant in collagen.4. L-isoleucine is an diastereomer of D-leucine.5. a-Keratin is a protein in which the polypeptides are mainly in the a-helix conformation.(A) 1 and 4 are incorrect.(B) 1 and 5 are incorrect.(C) 1, 2, and 3 are correct.(D) 3 and 4 are correct.(E) Only 2 and 5 are correct

3. Which of the following amino acids has more than one chiral carbon?(A) Val.(B) Leu.(C) Ile.(D) His.(E) Ser.

4. Which of the following part of antibody molecule is involved in binding to an antigen?(A) Fab.(B) Constant domain.(C) Fc.(D) Heavy chain.(E) Light chain.

5. The reaction GTP GDP + P; is an example of a(n)_____ reaction.(A) homolytic cleavage.(B) internal rearrangement.(C) free radical.(D) group transfer.(E) oxidation/reduction.

6. Oxidation-reduction reactions in biological system always involve:(A) direct participation of oxygen.(B) transfer of electron(s).(C) mitochondria.(D) formation of water.(E) transfer of hydrogens.

7. Consider the reaction A+B → C+D. Which of the following equation regarding the relationship between the free energy change (AG) at any condition and the free energy change (AGº) at standard state is true?(A) AG° = AG+RTin(A/C).(B) AG = AG+RTln(A/C).(C) AG° = AG+RTln(C/A).(D) AG = AG+RTln(C/A).(E) None.

8. Which statement about glycolysis is not true :(A) Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate is an isomerization reaction.(B) In the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, only one step actually involve electron transfer.(C) Conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to give 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is an oxidative reaction.(D) Conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to give phosphoenolpyruvate is an oxidative reaction(E) All of above are true

9. Which statement of citric acid (CA) cycle is true?1. In eukaryotes, CA cycle take places in mitochondrial matrix.2. CA cycle plays roles in both catabolism and anabolism.3. GTP is a direct source of energy produced in the CA cycle.4. All enzymes of the cycle are located in the matrix, except malate dehydrogenase.(A) 1, 2 and 3.(B) 2, 3 and 4.(C) 1, 3 and 4.(D) 1, 2, and 4.(E) All of above are true.

10. In movief of which one of the following statements is not correct?(A) EPA and DHA from oceanic fish could reduce the assault behaviors.(B) The head in sperm whales is largely made up of triacyglycerols and waxes.(C) Luminous jellyfish contain fluorescent dolicols.(D) In starvation, Pi might have plenty of ketone bodies.(E) Dehydration might result in defective secretion of dopamine or serotonin.

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