17. When goats were introduced to an island off the California coast, the goats inhabited the same areas and ate the same plants as the native deer. The deer population dwindled and finally disappeared. This is an example of
(A) a food chain
(B) succession
(C) coevolution
(D) competitive exclusion
(E) commensalism

18. Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, Taxol disrupts microtubule formation by binding to microtubules and accelerating their assembly from the protein precursor tubulin. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically, Taxol must affect (A) the formation of the mitotic spindle. (B) chromatid assembly. (C) anaphase. (D) the S phase of the cell cycle. (E) formation of the centrioles.

19. Restriction enzymes help defend bacteria against viral infections by (A) preventing entry of the viral DNA into the cell (B) cutting viral DNA once it has entered the cell (C) preventing the binding of the virus to the cell surface (D) preventing integration of the viral genome into the host chromosome (E) preventing the synthesis of viral capsomeres in the cell

20. An Okazaki fragment has which of the following arrangements? (A) primase, polymerase, ligase (B) 3' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 5' (C) 5' DNA to 3' (D) DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III (E) 5' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3'

21. In sexually reproducing species, the chromosome number remains stable over time because __________ and __________ always alternate. (A) meiosis ... interphase (B) meiosis ... fertilization (C) mitosis ... fertilization (D) meiosis ... mitosis (E) meiosis I ... meiosis II

22. In a series of immune system experiments, the thymus glands were removed from baby mice. Which of the following would you predict as a likely result? (A) The mice never developed cancerous tumors. (B) The mice readily accepted tissue transplants. (C) The mice were unable to produce an inflammatory response. (D) The mice suffered from numerous allergies. (E) The mice suffered from autoimmune diseases.

23. A species of malaria-carrying mosquito lives in a forest in which two species of monkeys, A and B, coexist. Species A is immune to malaria, but species B is not. The malaria-carrying mosquito is the chief food for a particular kind of bird in the forest. If all these birds were suddenly eliminated by hunters, which of the following would be an immediately observable consequence? (A) emergence of malaria-resistant strains in monkey species B. (B) emergence of malaria-sensitive strains in monkey species A. (C) increased mortality in monkey species B. (D) increased mortality (death rat( E ) in monkey species A. (E) increased mortality in the malaria-carrying mosquitoes.

24. Gene therapy involves __________. (A) no serious ethical questions. (B) replacing organs affected with genetic disorders by transplants (C) allowing individuals to follow the natural progression of a genetic disorder, accompanied by psychological counseling, then drug treatment when the condition becomes life-threatening. (D) adding a functioning version of a defective gene to the cells of an individual. (E) All of the listed responses are correct.

25. You have inserted the gene for human growth factor into the E. coli lactose operon, replacing the structural genes with the gene for human growth factor. What substance must you add to your culture of bacteria to cause them to produce human growth factor for you? (A) human growth factor (B) transcription factors (C) operator protein (D) allolactose (E) repressor protein

26. Which of the following is a problem with the long-term use of glucocorticoids, such as cortisone, to treat inflammation? (A) abnormal blood clotting, which leads to excessive bruising (B) low blood glucose levels (C) suppression of the immune system (D) sleeplessness (E) long-term elevated blood pressure

27. Which of the following best describes siRNA? (A) a molecule, known as Dicer, that can degrade other mRNA sequences (B) a portion of rRNA that allows it to bind to several ribosomal proteins in forming large or small subunits (C) a single-stranded RNA that can, where it has internal complementary base pairs, fold into cloverleaf patterns (D) a double-stranded RNA that is formed by cleavage of hairpin loops in a larger precursor (E) a short double-stranded RNA, one of whose strands can complement and inactivate a sequence of mRNA

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