17. Which of the following phase conversions is usually involved in distillation?
(A) Solid to liquid
(B) Liquid to solid
(C) Liquid to gas
(D) Solid to gas

18. The smallest unit of a chemical compound is a(n) _____.(A) atom (B) molecule (C) nucleus (D) electrons

19. What is the most abundant element on the earth (including the crust, oceans, and atmosphere)? (A) silicon (B) oxygen (C) hydrogen (D) carbon

20. What is the most abundant element in the human body?(A) carbon (B) hydrogen (C) calcium (D) oxygen

21. The symbol Sn stands for the element(A) sulfur (B) strontium (C) silicon (D) tin

22. Which of the following statements are true?I. Models are always wrong unless they are proved by a theory.II.Elements, such as lead, are made of tiny particles that mostly consist of openspace.III. The air you breathe is an example of a heterogeneous mixture.IV. Because NH3 always contains the same relative numbers of atoms, it willalways contain 4.6 g of nitrogen for every 1.0 g of hydrogen.(A) II only (B) II, IV (C) I, II, IV (D) I, III

23. Which of the following statements is incorrect?(A) Dalton's statement "All atoms of a given element are identical" is no longeraccepted because of the existence of isotopes and ions.(B). Dalton’s theory states that elements are made of tiny particles called atoms.(C) According to Rutherford, the number of protons is the same as the numberof electrons.(D) According to Rutherford, the nucleus must have a positive charge tobalance the negative charge of the electrons.

24. The chemical formula Al2O3 indicates:(A) two atoms of aluminum and three atoms of oxygen.(B) three atoms of aluminum and two atoms of oxygen.(C) six atoms of each element.(D) five atoms of each element.

25. Which of the following statements is/are true?I. John Dalton provided the first experimental support for the atom.II.Ernest Rutherford proved the existence of a nucleus by shooting positivelycharged particles at a thin gold-foil sheet.III. J. J. Thompson proved that electrons travel in elliptical orbits around thenucleus.IV. Energy in an atom is quantized, so when electrons fall to their ground state,white light can be observed.(A) I, II (B) I, III (C) I, II, III (D) II, IV

26. Which atomic particle determines the chemical behavior of an atom?(A) proton (B) electron (C) neutron (D) nucleus

27. Which particle has the smallest mass?(A) neutron (B) proton (C) electron (D) helium nucleus

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