18.
(A) can scrutinize
(B) must be scrutinized
(C) can be scrutinized
(D) can be scrutinizing

1. Which of the following best describes the concept of “Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis”? (A) A second language learner’s errors are transferred from his/her first language. (B) The structure of utterances provides a contrast to their sociolinguistic context. (C) Acquisition occurs when students are exposed to more difficult language input. (D) Language production depends on the limits of learners’ second language abilities.

2. Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is created by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to measure 15-year-old students’ literacy every three years. In 2025, the assessment for foreign language proficiency will be added. Which of the following language skills is NOT included in the PISA 2025? (A) Reading. (B) Listening. (C) Writing. (D) Speaking.

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true for “Phonological Awareness”? (A) It is the ability to recognize the spoken parts of sentences and words. (B) It includes a subcategory, phonemic awareness, specifying the ability to manipulate the individual sound. (C) It appears to be an umbrella term that includes rhyming, alliteration, sentence segmentation, syllables, onset and rime, etc. (D) It is more crucial for reading at the late learning stages because advanced readers are required to decode printed words.

4. According to Cummins (1979), language proficiency is divided into two aspects, Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP). Which of the following activities is provided to develop bilingual children’s CALP? (A) To participate in the reader theater. (B) To complete a science project with group members. (C) To create an empathy map for the assigned reading. (D) To practice telephone conversations with classmates.

5. There are two types of assessment instruments: norm-referenced and criterionreferenced. In Taiwan, which of the following is classified as a “norm-referenced test”? (A) General English Proficiency Test (GEPT). (B) General Scholastic Ability Test (GSAT) or university entrance exam. (C) Comprehensive Assessment Program for Junior High School Students (CAP). (D) Test of English Listening Comprehension (TELC) or high school students’ English listening test.

6. After visiting the doctor, who gave a cautious ______, she felt a mix of relief and anxiety, knowing her recovery depended on closely following the prescribed treatment and lifestyle adjustments. (A) compensation (B) prognosis (C) inclination (D) confiscation

7. When the toddler threw a massive ______ in the middle of the grocery store, embarrassed parents quickly tried to calm him with promises of a sweet treat. (A) facet (B) sanction (C) sprout (D) tantrum

8. The government deployed additional forces to the region in response to the ______ group’s unexpected attack, aiming to restore peace and order as swiftly as possible. (A) derogatory (B) chronic (C) impromptu (D) insurgent

9. As the morning sun rose, the dense fog that had blanketed the town slowly began to ______, revealing the charming streets and houses hidden beneath. (A) dissipate (B) beset (C) obliterate (D) hoist

10. The project gained ______ after the successful presentation, attracting more support and resources, which motivated the team to work harder towards their ambitious goals. (A) immunity (B) duplication (C) extravagance (D) momentum

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