18. Which transport process requires the input of energy?
(A) Facilitated diffusion
(B) Passive diffusion
(C) Secondary active transport
(D) All of the above
(E) None of the above

19. Which structural feature is most prevalent in myosin molecules? (A) The α helix (B) The β structure (C) The Fab domain (D) The light chain (E) The meromyosin domain

20. Which of the following statements about aromatic amino acids is correct? (A) All are strongly hydrophilic. (B) Histidine's ring structure results in its being categorized as aromatic or basic, depending on pH. (C) On a molar basis, tryptophan absorbs more ultraviolet light than tyrosine. (D) The major contribution to the characteristic absorption of light at 280 nm by proteins is the phenylalanine R group. (E) The presence of a ring structure in its R group determines whether or not an amino acid is aromatic.

21. FADH2 is a product of which of the following reactions? (A) Malate → Oxaloacetate (B) Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA (C) Succinyl-CoA → Succinate (D) Succinate → Fumarate (E) Succinate → Malate

22. All are important reasons to phosphorylate glucose in the first step of glycolysis EXCEPT: (A) the large positive free energy is important in getting the pathway started (B) glucose-6-phosphate has a negative charge preventing transport out of the cell (C) the concentration of free glucose in the cell is low favoring influx of glucose (D) phosphorylation keeps the glucose in the cell (E) regulatory control can be imposed only at a reaction not at equilibrium

23. All are true for the isomerase reaction of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate EXCEPT: (A) Mg2+ is required for activity (B) it is an aldose to ketose isomerization (C) "moving" the carbonyl from C-1 to C-2 creates a new primary alcohol group at C-1 (D) the reaction is irreversible with a large negative ΔG (E) the enzyme belongs to the isomerase class of enzymes

24. Triose phosphate isomerase is very similar in function to: (A) hexokinase (B) phosphoglucoisomerase (C) phosphofructokinase (D) fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (E) none of the above

25. For the pyruvate kinase catalyzed reaction, the correct sequence of events is: A. phosphoryl group transferred B. water on Mg2+-ADP replaced by phosphoryl group of PEP C. Mg2+ dissociates from the α-P of ADP D. the enolate of pyruvate is protonated (A) A, B, C, D (B) B, D, A, C (C) B, C, A, D (D) A, D, B, C (E) B, A, C, D

26. The tangling of DNA strands during replication is prevented by (A) Topoisomerases (B) Helicases (C) Ligases (D) Primases (E) Unwindases

27. DNA transposition can cause gene _____ (A) Duplication (B) Deletion (C) Transcription (D) Both A and B are correct (E) All of the above are correct

28. In animals the vast majority of water-soluble hormones are (A) Peptides (B) Steroids (C) Polypeptides (D) Carbohydrates (E) Both A and C are correct

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