19. Each of the recommendations outlined in the report, together with several supplementary guidelines proposed during the
(A)
consultation process, evaluated according to criteria established by an independent panel of experts from various disciplines.
(B)
(C)
(D)

20. The extent to which social media platforms influence public opinion and shape political behavior remains a subject of (A) considerable debate among researchers who study the long-term effects of digital communication on democracy institutions. (B) (C) (D) III. Cloze: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank. 10% (2 for each question) Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) have become increasingly popular among investors seeking efficient access to financial markets. Unlike traditional mutual funds, ETFs can be bought and sold throughout the trading day on stock exchanges. This feature allows investors to respond more quickly to changing market conditions. __(21)__ , ETFs combine the flexibility of individual stocks with the diversification typically associated with investment funds. Rather than concentrating on a single company or asset, many ETFs hold a broad range of securities. Some track major market indexes, while others focus on specific industries, geographic regions, or investment themes. This approach enables investors to reduce exposure to company-specific risks. __(22)__ diversification can help lower risk, it cannot completely protect investors from broad market declines. In addition to diversification, ETFs are often known for their relatively low operating costs. Because many ETFs follow predetermined indexes, they require less active management than traditional mutual funds. This cost efficiency has __(23)__ to their growing popularity among long-term investors and retirement savers. Nevertheless, investors should carefully evaluate the objectives and composition of each fund before investing. Different ETFs may hold different underlying assets and employ different strategies. Understanding how a fund is managed and what factors influence its performance can help investors make more __(24)__ decisions. Some specialized ETFs even use complex investment strategies, which may __(25)__ both potential gains and potential losses, causing investment outcomes to become more extreme during periods of market uncertainty.

21. (A) In contrast (B) Consequently (C) Nevertheless (D) For example

22. (A) Because (B) Unless (C) While (D) Since

23. (A) attributed (B) contributed (C) transformed (D) restricted

24. (A) informed (B) accidental (C) reluctant (D) temporary

25. (A) estimate (B) conceal (C) amplify (D) simplify IV. Reading Comprehension: Choose the best answer based on the passage. 20% (2 for each question) Passage 1 An outbreak of Ebola caused by the Bundibugyo strain has raised serious concerns among health authorities in Central and East Africa. Unlike some other forms of Ebola, this strain currently has no approved vaccine or treatment, making containment efforts particularly challenging. The disease was first detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and later spread to neighboring regions, including Uganda. To address the crisis, major public health organizations have coordinated a continent-wide response strategy. Rather than focusing solely on treating infected patients, the plan emphasizes disease surveillance, laboratory testing, community engagement, and cross-border cooperation. Health experts argue that timely identification of new cases is essential because delays may allow the virus to spread undetected. Despite these efforts, several obstacles remain. Ongoing insecurity in affected areas has complicated response operations, while shortages of diagnostic resources have limited the speed of testing. In addition, thousands of individuals who may have been exposed to the virus have not yet been located, making contact tracing extremely difficult. Public health officials warn that controlling the outbreak will require not only medical resources but also cooperation from local communities. Lessons learned from previous epidemics suggest that successful disease control depends on public trust, sustained funding, and effective coordination among governments and international organizations. Without these factors, the outbreak could continue to expand and place additional pressure on already vulnerable health systems.

26. According to the passage, one major challenge in controlling the current outbreak is that (A) the virus has already spread to every African country. (B) no approved vaccine or treatment currently exists for this strain. (C) governments have refused to cooperate with health agencies. (D) laboratory testing is no longer considered necessary.

27. The word containment in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to (A) prevention of further spread (B) scientific discovery (C) economic recovery (D) political negotiation

28. According to the passage, the response strategy includes all of the following EXCEPT (A) community engagement (B) laboratory testing (C) disease surveillance (D) mandatory closure of all national borders

29. Why does the author mention contact tracing in the third paragraph? (A) To illustrate why vaccine development is unnecessary (B) To explain how governments collect economic data (C) To emphasize a major difficulty in controlling the outbreak (D) To show that most infections occur outside Africa

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