19. Which of the following is true about nucleosomes?
(A) Nucleosomes are composed of DNA wound around an octameric complex of histone molecules.
(B) Nucleosomes contain four major types of histones: H1, H2, H3, and H4.
(C) Nucleosomes are the most abundant chromatin proteins.
(D) Nonhistone proteins are necessary for the reconstitution of the nucleosome core.
(E) All are true.

20. Which of the following statements is correct concerning biosynthesis of purine nucleotides? (A) Glycine, aspartate and glutamate are the nitrogen sources of the purine ring. (B) The major determinant of the rate of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis is the concentration of5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate. (C) von Gierke disease reflects a defect in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, an enzyme of purine salvage. (D) AMP and GMP also inhibit hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, which converts hypoxanthine and guanine to AMP and GMP. (E) All are true.

21. Which of the following RNA species is NOT directly involved in protein synthesis? (A) mRNAs (B) tRNAs (C) snRNAs (D) rRNAs (E) None of them.

22. Which of the following nomenclature names is right for the unsaturated fatty acid below? [Image of a fatty acid molecule] (A) ω5, C20:4 (B) ω6, C20:5 (C) ω5, C19:4 (D) ω6, C19:5 (E) ω6, C20:4

23. Which one of the following molecules in Glycolysis donates a phosphate group to ADP to produce ATP? (A) glucose-6-phosphate (B) phosphoenolpyruvate (C) fructose-6-phosphate (D) fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (E) pyruvate

24. The anaerobic conversion of 1 mol of glucose to 2 mol of lactate by fermentation is accompanied by a net gain of: (A) 2 mol of ATP + 1 mol of NADH (B) 2 mol of ATP + 2 mol of NADH (C) 2 mol of ATP + 4 mol of NADH (D) 2 mol of ATP (E) 2 mol of NADH

25. One turn of the citric acid cycle produces (A) 2 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP. (B) 3 NADH, 2 FADH2, 1 ATP. (C) 1 NADH, 3 FADH2, 2 ATP. (D) 3 NADH, 3 FADH2, 1 ATP. (E) 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP

26. Which of following is an anomeric pair? (A) α-D-glucose and β-L-glucose (B) α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose (C) α-D-glucose and α-L-glucose (D) D-glucose and L-fructose (E) D-glucose and D-fructose

27. All are characteristics of pyrimidines EXCEPT: (A) six membered ring. (B) heterocyclic. (C) conjugated. (D) fused five membered rings. (E) two nitrogens separated by a carbonyl.

28. In a sample of double-stranded DNA containing 34% cytosine, the percentage of adenine would be: (A) 34% (B)68% (C) 16% (D) 0% (E) insufficient information to answer question

29. All are properties of nucleosomes EXCEPT: (A) protein spools neatly wrapped with DNA. (B) fundamental structural unit in chromatin. (C) protein spools made up of pairs of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 octameric aggregates. (D) DNA binds histones by ionic bonds of positively charged amino acids and the negative charged phosphate groups. (E) all are true.

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