19.A language curriculum should have three main components: syllabus design, methodology, and ______.
(A) evaluation
(B) outcomes
(C) artifacts
(D) rationale

20. Hymes (2001) believes that knowledge of language structure and sociocultural rules are both important in language acquisition. A learner acquires knowledge of language not only as grammatical but also as ______. The learner acquires this competence as to when to speak, when no, and as to what to talk about with whom, when, where, in what manner. (A) inferred (B) abundant (C) appropriate (D) relevant

21. What is the passage mainly about? (A) The similarities between dolphin communication and human language in terms of grammar and vocabulary. (B) The use of facial expressions by dolphins during social play and its implications for animal cognition and communication. (C) How dolphins' social behavior differs from that of other intelligent mammals like chimpanzees and dogs. (D) The discovery of a specific visual signal in dolphins and its role in preventing conflict during playful interactions.

22. What does the study suggest about dolphins' communication during social play? (A) Dolphins, just like humans, use whistles, clicks, and facial expressions to communicate during social interactions. (B) The researchers observed that open-mouth play face was employed more frequently, but unintentionally when dolphins were within each other’s visual field. (C) Dolphins are able to communicate during social play using both vocalizations and visual signals, thanks to their multimodal intelligence. (D) Dolphins use a specific open-mouth facial expression to signal playful intent and prevent misunderstandings during social play with one another.

23. What philosophical question does the text raise about animal intelligence? (A) It prompts readers to consider to what extent humans are willing to recognize emotional and cognitive similarities between themselves and other species. (B) The article raises concerns about whether dolphins have the capacity to acquire and use elements of human language in structured environments. (C) It suggests that dolphins might demonstrate higher-level cognitive abilities than chimpanzees and wolves. (D) It questions whether dolphin intelligence should be evaluated based on humandefined scientific hierarchies rather than understood on its own terms.

24. What does the phrase “precise social calibration” most likely refer to? (A) The need for dolphins to adjust their swimming speed. (B) The ability to maintain balance in turbulent waters. (C) The careful use of social signals to avoid misunderstandings. (D) The tracking of group members using echolocation.

 25.(A) Unless (B) Yet (C) Once (D) Besides

27.(A) for using (B) to use (C) used (D) using

28.(A) palavers (B) predecessors (C) sycophants (D) proponents

29.(A) adhere to (B) associate with (C) take up (D) abound at

30.(A) unavoidable (B) nonexistent (C) predictable (D) consisten

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