2. What is the reason that a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can resolve biological images to the sub-nanometer level?
(A) The focal length of the electron microscope is significantly longer
(B) Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal
(C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light.
(D) The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size.

1. In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is the _________. (A) relative solubility of the component (B) size and weight of the component (C) percentage of carbohydrates in the component (D) presence or absence of lipids in the component

3. All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell EXCEPT ?(A) a cell wall (B) a plasma membrane (C) ribosomes (D) an endoplasmic reticulum

4. Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? (A) Prokaryotes have cells while eukaryotes do not (B) Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes (C) Prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, relying instead on anaerobic metabolism (D) Prokaryotes are generally larger than eukaryotes

5. Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? (A) mitochondrion (B) ribosome (C) chloroplast (D) endoplasmic reticulum

6. What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? (A) It regulates the movement of proteins into and out of the nucleus (B) It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA (C) It selectively transports molecules out of the nucleus, but prevents all inbound molecules from entering the nucleus (D) It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus

7. A cell with a predominance of ribosomes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum is most likely (A) primarily producing proteins for secretion (B) primarily producing proteins in the cytosol (C) constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix (D) enlarging its vacuole

8. A cell with an extensive area of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is specialized to (A) play a role in storage (B) synthesize large quantities of lipids (C) actively export protein molecules (D) import and export protein molecules

9. Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system? (A) nuclear envelope (B) chloroplast (C) Golgi apparatus (D) plasma membrane

10. Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? (A) lysosome (B) mitochondrion (C) Golgi apparatus (D) peroxisome

11. What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? (A) ER → Golgi → nucleus (B) Golgi → ER → lysosome (C) ER → Golgi → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane (D) ER → lysosomes → vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

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