臨床心理學特論（三）題庫下載題庫

出處：

Kring, A. M., Johnson, S. L., Davison, G. C., & Neale, J. M. (2013).

Abnormal Psychology. New York: Wiley. Ch5.  Mood disorders--

Psychological Factors in Depression--, p153-154.

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擷取部分內文：

Hopelessness Theory According to hopelessness theory

( Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989), the most important

trigger of depression is hopelessness, which is defined as 

an expectation that (1) desirable outcomes will not occur and that 

(2) the person has no responses available to change this situation. 

Within this model, hopelessness is hypothesized to contrib...

出處：

Kring, A. M., Johnson, S. L., Davison, G. C., & Neale, J. M. (2013).

Abnormal Psychology. New York: Wiley. Ch5.  Mood disorders--

Psychological Factors in Depression--, p153-154.

----------
擷取部分內文：

Hopelessness Theory According to hopelessness theory

( Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989), the most important

trigger of depression is hopelessness, which is defined as 

an expectation that (1) desirable outcomes will not occur and that 

(2) the person has no responses available to change this situation. 

Within this model, hopelessness is hypothesized to contribute to 

only one type of depression (hopelessness depression), which is 

defined by symptoms of decreased motivation, sadness, suicidality(選項B),

decreased energy, psychomotor retardation, sleep disturbances,

poor concentration, and negative cognitions.

Hopelessness is believed to be triggered by life events (選項A)that 

have important consequences for the person and/or the person's 

self-evaluations.(選項D)

People whose attributional style leads them to believe that negative life 

events are due to stable and global causes are likely to become hopeless,

and this hopelessness will set the stage for depression.(選項C).