22.Hjarre's disease由下列何者引起，可造成家禽全身性肉芽腫？
(A)Aspergillus fumigatus
(B)Salmonella Pullorum
(C)Mycobacterium avium
(D)Escherichia coli

這四個選項都是家禽全身多發結節 (肉芽腫) 的鑑別診斷，嚴格來說AB比較好發於雛雞，CD病程會比較慢

而 Hjarre's disease (讀做ㄏ一阿瑞)是特指家禽大腸桿菌全身性感染的一種類型 Coligranuloma

需要強調的是APEC的感染大多以呼吸道或敗血症模型為主

Hjarre's disease 盛行率頗低且致病機制不清楚

100-2-31.Hjarre's disease係由下列何者引起，可造成家禽全身性肉芽腫？
(A)Salmonella pullorum
(B)Escherichia coli
(C)Mycobacterium avium
(D)Aspergillus fumigatus .

103-1-23.雞和火雞發生大腸桿菌性肉芽腫（又稱Hjarre's disease）的特徵性肉芽腫不會出現於何種臟器？

(A)肝臟
(B)盲腸
(C)脾臟
(D)十二指腸 .

Coligranuloma (Hjarre’s Disease) 

• Coligranuloma of chickens and turkeys is characterized by multiple granulomas in liver, ceca, duodenum, and mesentery, but not spleen
• Escherichia coli enters host tissues following mucosal colonization or directly through breaks or openings in the skin

 **同樣這張照片 可以看到脾臟(中下偏左 小小圓圓的那顆)沒有病變 
資料來源: disease of poultry 14th edition, p801