23.
(A) on the board
(B) on board
(C) off board
(D) in the board

19. Process writing as a classroom activity comprises four basic writing stages — planning (pre-writing), drafting (writing), revising (redrafting) and editing — as well as three other stages teachers can externally impose on students, i.e. responding (sharing), evaluating and post-writing (Seow, 1995). Based on Seow’s perspective, which description of the writing stages is CORRECT? (A) At the drafting stage, the writers focus on the fluency of writing rather than grammatical accuracy or the neatness of the draft. (B) At the planning stage, the writers reexamine what was written to see whether they have communicated their meanings to the reader effectively. (C) At the editing stage, the writers’ texts can be transformed for stage performances or merely displayed on notice-boards. (D) At the revising stage, the writers can elicit ideas from multimedia sources as well as from direct interviews, talks, surveys, and questionnaires.

20. Canale and Swain (1980) propose that communicative competence includes grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence, and strategic competence. With strategic competence, _____________  (A) speakers use and understand language structures accurately and unhesitatingly. (B) speakers apply the rules of cohesion and coherence, holding the communication together in a meaningful way. (C) speakers know what is expected socially and culturally by users of the target language. (D) speakers manipulate language in order to meet communicative goals.

21. (A) alluded to (B) stood for (C) played down (D) took off

22. (A) ban (B) flag (C) admission (D) logo

24. (A) put off (B) pulled out (C) put in place (D) put down

25. (A) what (B) as if (C) what if (D) as

26. (A) cultivated (B) fertile (C) prolific (D) fallow

27. (A) downgraded (B) drifted (C) soared (D) lingered

28. (A) monocultures (B) aquacultures (C) sericultures (D) piscicultures

29. (A) vantage (B) downside (C) grandeur (D) agitation