25.對新生兒血液進行胺基酸代謝異常的篩檢,以下檢測方法中被認為是黃金標準(Gold Standard)的為何?
(A)氣相層析法(GC)
(B)高效能液相層析法(HPLC)
(C)串連質譜儀(Tandem mass spectrometry)
(D)毛細管電泳(Capillary electrophoresis)
統計: A(109), B(495), C(927), D(506), E(0) #2626420
詳解 (共 3 筆)
(A)氣相層析法(gas chromatography)利用與同位素標定的待測胺基酸混合後經由programmable temperature vaporizing使待測液加熱並霧化,利用惰性氣體作為固定相並依據胺基酸分子不同的滯留時間(retention time)分離,但通常會接續質譜儀(MS)做進一步的分離並以同位素標定物作為控制組、比對資料庫中層析圖的樣式加以計算,且GC-MS能夠分析的氨基酸有限(主要受限於不是每個胺基酸都有量產對應同位素標定的試劑,且資料庫不一定齊全導致只能用相近荷質比的層析圖樣式比對造成誤差);
(B)反相高效液相層析(reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography,RP-HPLC)以極性緩衝液作為移動相,非極性的管柱(常用8~18C-coating silica)作為固定相,利用thiol類(如β-Mercaptoethanol)分解雙硫鍵、o-phthalaldehyde (OPA)或phenylisothiocyanate (PITC)等作為螢光標定,測定特定UV (以OPA為例,340 nm)或螢光(340 nm激發,410 nm散發)下吸光值變化,雖然可以測定低濃度胺基酸但標定物會有無法適用的胺基酸(如OPA會干擾含有proline、cysteine、methionine的蛋白質),且retention time相近、極性過高或過低的氨基酸可能無法區別;
(C)串連質譜儀(Tandem mass spectrometry,MS-MS)的MS1測定precursor ion的荷質比並篩選,經過collision-induced dissociation (在特定電場下撞擊電中性的He/N/Ar造成篩選物的再崩解)、ion-molecule reaction (氣體分子間撞擊使電子脫落)或photodissociation (UV光激發)等方式分解後再用MS2測定product ion的荷質比,是目前新生兒IEM (inborn error of metabolism)的golden standard篩檢方式;
(D)毛細管電泳(Capillary electrophoresis)利用通電的電解質溶液分離電性不同的蛋白質,但分離不出特定胺基酸。
參考資料:
Sandlers, Y. (2019). Amino Acids Profiling for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Disorders. In V. Bobbarala, G. S. Zaman, M. N. M. Desa, & A. M. Akim (Eds.), Biochemical Testing - Clinical Correlation and Diagnosis. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84672
Kaspar, H., Dettmer, K., Chan, Q., Daniels, S., Nimkar, S., Daviglus, M. L., Stamler, J., Elliott, P., & Oefner, P. J. (2009). Urinary amino acid analysis: a comparison of iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS, GC-MS, and amino acid analyzer. Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 877(20-21), 1838–1846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.019
Ismail, I. T., Showalter, M. R., & Fiehn, O. (2019). Inborn Errors of Metabolism in the Era of Untargeted Metabolomics and Lipidomics. Metabolites, 9(10), 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9100242