27. Which of the following oxidation-number assignments are entirely correct?
(A) Hydrogen: 0 in H₂, +1 in H₂O, and -1 in LiAlH₄.
(B) Nitrogen: -3 in NH₃, -1 in N₂O, and +4 in NO₂.
(C) Oxygen: 0 in O₃, -1 in K₂O₂, and -2 in H₂O.
(D) Sulfur: 0 in S₈, -2 in Na₂S, and +4 in SO₃²⁻.
(E) Bromine: 0 in Br₂(l), -1 in NaBr, and +5 in HBrO₃.

28. Which of the following statements about ideal gases and real gases are correct? (A) The assumptions of the ideal-gas model include negligible molecular volume and the absence of intermolecular forces. (B) The molar volume of an ideal gas is about 22.4 L/mol at standard temperature and pressure (STP), where STP corresponds to 1 atm and 25°C. (C) For a fixed amount of gas in a rigid container, the pressure approximately doubles when the temperature increases from 100°C to 200°C. (D) Neon behaves more ideally than ammonia under the same conditions. (E) The lower the pressure and the lower the temperature, the more closely a real gas approaches ideal-gas behavior.

29. Which of the following statements regarding the reaction quotient (Q) and equilibrium constant (K) are correct? (A) K is never smaller than Q. (B) For a reversible reaction in a closed system, Q gradually approaches K as equilibrium is established. (C) If Q > 1, the reaction always proceeds in the reverse direction. (D) If K > Q, the reaction proceeds in the forward direction to reach equilibrium. (E) At constant temperature, Q may change with time while K remains constant.

30. The pH of an aqueous solution at 25°C is raised from 2.0 to 5.0. Which statements are true? (A) The final [OH⁻] is 1 × 10⁻⁹ M. (B) The [H⁺] decreases by a factor of 30. (C) The initial solution could be 0.010 M CH₃COOH. (D) The pOH decreases from 12.0 to 9.0. (E) The initial [H⁺] is 1 × 10⁻² M.

31. Which of the following statements about thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas are correct? (A) In an isothermal process, ΔE = 0, and PV is a constant. (B) In an adiabatic process, q = 0, and PV is a constant. (C) In free expansion into a vacuum, the gas does no work. (D) The maximum work from an isothermal expansion is obtained only when the process is carried out reversibly through infinitesimal changes. (E) In a cyclic process, all state functions return to their initial values, and the overall work and heat are always zero.

32. Which of the following species are paramagnetic? (A) O₂ (B) B₂ (C) N₂ (D) O₂⁺ (E) F₂⁺

33. Which of the following statements regarding Raoult's law are correct? (A) Raoult's law describes the relationship between the vapor pressure of a solution and the composition of its components. (B) The vapor pressure of a solution is proportional to the mole fraction of the nonvolatile solute. (C) The vapor pressure of a solution differs from that of a pure solvent because the presence of solute particles lowers the escaping tendency of solvent molecules. (D) A solution that obeys Raoult's law is called an ideal solution. (E) An acetone-water mixture exhibits a positive deviation from Raoult's law.

1. When required by their English teacher to do some homework, several children only do so reluctantly.(A) inefficiently(B) impatiently(C) unwillingly(D) unknowingly

2. Many people in the West died in the flu epidemic of World War I.(A) exploration(B) catastrophe(C) exploitation(D) plague

3. Philip's political zeal finally led to his violent attack at the Presidential candidate of the Democratic Party.(A) creativity(B) complicity(C) enthusiasm(D) empathy

4. John tried to secretly withdraw $1000 from my bank account yesterday afternoon.(A) put(B) pay(C) draw(D) cancel

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