27What is the pH of 0.1 M NaCl solution? The activity coefficients of H₃O⁺ and OH^- at ionic strength 0.1 M are 0.83 and 0.76.
(A) 7.00
(B) 7.01
(C) 7.02
(D) 6.99 (Ε) 6.98

28 What are the ionic strength and pH of the buffer solution consisting of 0.1 M CH3COOH (pKa = 4.76) and 0.1 M CH3COONa? (A) 0.1 M, pH 4.76 (B) 0.2 M, pH 5.76 (C) 0.3 M, pH 3.76 (D) 0.4 M, pH 2.76 (E) 0.6 M, pH 6.76

29The investigator developed the electrochemical biosensor for sensitive and selective detection of glucose. The obtained calibration curve for quantifying 1-100 mM glucose is y (signal) = 100 (slope, nA/mM) x x (glucose concentration, mM) + 2. The standard deviation for measuring a blank solution (i.e., without glucose) is 1.5 nA. What is the limit of quantification of glucose measured by the electrochemical biosensors? (A) 0.015 (B) 0.045 (C) 0.030 (D) 0.15 (E) 0.45.

30 Which of the following conditions is (are) favorable for the formation of crystalline precipitation?(i) the use of a homogeneous precipitating agent,(ii) the increase in solution temperature,(iii) the dilution of a precipitating agent,(iv) the rapid injection of a precipitating agent,(v) no stirring of the solution.(A)i(B)i,i(C)i,iiiii(D)i,ii,ili,iv(E)i,ii,ii,iv,v

31 What is the solubility of Al(OH)3 (Ksp = 2.7 x 10-35) in water?(A)10-9 M (B) 10-8 M (C) 2.7 × 10-14 M (D) 2.7×10-15 M (E) 2.7 × 10-35M

32Which of the following statements associated with titration is (are) CORRECT?(i) Titrations with NaOH are called argentometric titrations(ii) In the Vohhard method, Fe3+ serves as the indicator(iii) Zn2+ ions are titrated with EDTA in an ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer. The role of ammonia is to avoid the precipitation of Zn2+ ions.(iv) The bromate titration method is commonly performed in a basic solution.(A) i, ii, iii, iv (B) iii, iv (C) ii, iii, (D) ii, iii, iv (E) ii

33What is (are) the purpose of using high electrolyte solutions in electrochemical systems?(i) To avoid the migration of ions close to the electrode surface by electrostatic attraction under applied voltage, which can lead to adsorption on the electrode surface.(ii) To avoid too high resistance of the solution, which may cause IR drop.(iii) Avoid redox reactions in the solution.(iv) Effectively reduce the surface charge of the analyte, allowing the analyte to approach the electrode surface by diffusion and convection.(A) i, ii (B) i, ii, iii (C) i, ii, iv (D) i, iii, iv (E) i, ii, iii, iv

34What approaches can be used to determine the molecular weight of an unknown protein?(i) Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).(ii) Size-exclusion chromatography coupled to UV absorption detector.(iii) Capillary gel electrophoresis with UV absorption detector.(iv) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).(v) Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)(A) i, ii, iii (B) i, ii, iii, iv (C) i, ii, iii, iv, v (D) i, ii, iv (E) i, ii, iii, v

35 Which of the following statements associated with atomic spectroscopy is (are) CORRECT?(i) Atomic absorption can be a thousand times more sensitive than atomic fluorescence.(ii) For Beer's law to apply, the source must have a narrower linewidth than the atomic vapor.(iii) In atomic absorption spectroscopy, nebulizers are used to introduce liquid samples.(iv) An electrically heated graphite furnace is less sensitive than a flame burner and requires more samples.(A) i, ii, iii, iv (B) i, ii, iii (C) ii, iii (D) iii, iv (E) i, iv

36 Which of the following statements associated with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is (are) CORRECT?(i) XRF occurs when the material is excited by high-energy X-rays or gamma rays and emits characteristic secondary X-rays.(ii) Elements and chemicals can be analyzed with XRF.(iii) Planck's Law can be used to calculate the wavelength of the fluorescent radiation from an XRF- excited sample.(iv) An electron from one of an atom's inner orbital shells is dislodged when an X-ray of sufficient energy strikes an atom in the sample.(A) i (B) i, ii (C) i, ii, iii, (D) i, ii, iii, iv (E) i, iii, iv

37 Which of the following statements associated with the ion-selective electrode is (are) CORRECT?(i) In place of aqueous NaCl in the salt bridge, the junction potential can be reduced to 0.1 mV.(ii) A typical pH combination electrode includes a working electrode, a glass membrane, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode.(iii) The boundary potential is the difference between the potential at the internal and external surface of the glass membrane.(iv) The sodium error of the pH meter occurs at low pH conditions.(A) iii (B) iii, iv (C) i, iii (D) ii (E) i, ii, iii, iv

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