28 According to the passage, in which of the following organs can a mosquito’s biological clock be found?
(A) Brain
(B) Eye
(C) Nose
(D) Tongue

During the mid-1900s, scientists began to examine仔細地看, （仔細地）檢查 biological cycles in several different organism生物體；有機體.

By the early 1960s, they showed that daily, or circadian約一日的，約24小時 rhythms—“circa” meaning around and “dia” day—are generated internal體內的；內部 and synchronize（使）同步，（使）同時發生 to the 24-hour day.

How are these cycles generated and altered?

In mammals, including humans, a biological clock resides in a region of the brain’s Hypothalamus下視丘, a quarter四分之一-sized structure that regulates（尤指使按照某種方式運作而）控制，管理 hormone levels and plays a role in emotions.

In some insects and snails蝸牛 the clocks are usually located in the retina視網膜 of the eye.

In birds the clocks can also be found in a brain region called the pineal松果體 land or in the Hypothalamus下視丘.

The clocks are almost always linked to some form of light-sensing cell called a photoreceptor感光受器. 

This type of cell responds to sunlight in ways that help synchronize（使）同步 the clock with the 24-hour day.

Scientists have learned that exposure to light at certain times in the internal cycle can reset the clock in animals.

In mammals, light turns on important genes and affects sleep patterns, alertness警戒 ,and body temperature.

In nature, this light sensitivity helps organisms synchronize（使）同步 their clock within之內 the cycle of day and night.

Researchers have found that exposure to strong artificial light人造光 at certain times can reset the clock in ways that relieve insomnia,  jet lag時差, and mental disorders.

Light at the wrong time of the internal cycle, however, might contribute貢獻 to or intensify加強 these conditions.