28. To reverse the symptoms described, a diet rich in which one of the following food should be recommended?
(A) Green, leafy vegetables
(B) Whole grains and meat
(C) Citrus fruits
(D) Chocolate cake

29. A firefighter is brought to the emergency room (ER) from the scene of a fire, and he complains of headaches, weakness, confusion, and difficulty in breathing. His skin and mucous membranes appear very pink/red. The causative agent of these symptoms inhibits electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation by which one of the following mechanisms? (A) Uncoupling of electron transport and phosphorylation (B) Combining with NADH dehydrogenase (C) Combining with cytochrome oxidase (D) Combining with coenzyme Q

30. Which one of the following metabolites does the pentose phosphate pathway generate? (A) NADH, which may be used for fatty acid synthesis. (B)Pyruvate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by the direct action of transaldolase and transketolase. (C) Ribose-5-phosphate, which may be used for the biosynthesis of ATP. (D) Glucose from ribose-5-phosphate and CO2.

31. Which one of the following occurs during the conversion of pyruvate to glucose during gluconeogenesis? (A) Biotin is required as a cofactor. (B) The carbon of CO2, added in one reaction, appears in the final product. (C) Energy is utilized only in the form of GTP. (D) All of the reactions occur in the cytosol.

32. An individual in the basal metabolic state ingests a large amount of glucose. If he/she displays a normal response, this ingestion results in which one of the following? (A) Enhanced glycogen synthase activity in liver (B) An increased ratio of phosphorylase a to phosphorylase b in the liver (C) Inhibition of PP-1 activity in the liver (D) Increased activity of CREB

33. Which of the following clinical condition can the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cause? (A) Pernicious anemia (B) Hemolytic anemia (C) Hemorrhages (D) Blindness

34. The steroid receptors are normally:(A) Gated ion channels (B) Serpentine receptors (C) Nuclear receptors (D) Intrinsic receptors

35. Assume there is a microRNA that regulates the expression of a particular cyclin kinase inhibitor. How might an alteration in this microRNA lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation? (A) Overexpression of the microRNA, so it acts as an oncogene. (B) Reduced expression of the microRNA, so it acts as a tumor suppressor. (C) A total loss of activity of the microRNA, so it cannot bind to its target mRNA. (D) A loss of specificity of the microRNA for its target, so different mRNAs are not targeted.

36. Which of the following factors does the formation of initiation complex during protein translation in bacterium require? (A) IF-3 (B) EF-Tu (C) EF-Ts (D) CTP

37. Which of the following cofactors is involved in various steps of protein translation?(A) AMP(B) ATP(C) GTP(D) UTP

38. Prokaryotic DNA dependent RNA polymerase is inhibited by the antibiotic:(A) Puromycin(B) Rifamycin (C) Terramycin(D) Streptomycin

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