29. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an example indicating that Leonardo
was “ahead of his time”?
(A) He designed the first parachute.
(B) He built the first flying machine.
(C) He constructed the first elevator.
(D) He invented the first submarine.

30. According to the passage, why is Leonardo da Vinci’s research into the human anatomy so helpful to doctors? (A) The knowledge provided by his research helped doctors in Europe discover the principles of physics. (B) Medical schools in Europe did not provide doctors with any information about illnesses and injuries. (C) Before his research, doctors in Europe were not trained to draw the structure of the human body. (D) His research provided knowledge which allowed doctors to have a better understanding of the structure of the human body. ▲閱讀下文，回答第 31 – 35 題 Smog, which was once the big attraction of Los Angeles, can now be found all over the country from Butte, Montana, to New York City, and people are getting so used to polluted air that it’s very difficult for them to breathe anything else. I was lecturing recently, and one of my stops was Flagstaff, Arizona, which is about seven thousand miles above sea level. As soon as I got out of the plane, I smelled something peculiar. “What’s that smell?” I asked the man who met me at the plane. “I don’t smell anything,” he replied. “There’s definitely an odor that I’m not familiar with,” I said. “Oh, you must be talking about the fresh air. A lot of people come out here who have never smelled fresh air before.” “What’s it supposed to do?” I asked suspiciously. “Nothing. You just breathe it like any other kind of air. It’s supposed to be good for your lungs.” “I’ve heard that story before,” I said. “How come if it’s air, my eyes aren’t itching and watering?” “Your eyes don’t water with fresh air. That’s the advantage of it. Saves you a lot in paper tissues.” We drove in silence. About fifteen minutes later he asked, “How do you feel now?” “Okay, I guess, but I miss sneezing.” “We don’t sneeze too much here,” the man admitted. “Do they sneeze a lot where you come from?” “All the time. There are some days when that’s all you do.” “Do you enjoy it?” “Not necessarily, but if you don’t sneeze, you’ll die.” The fresh air was making me feel dizzy. “Isn’t there a diesel bus around here that I could breathe into for a couple of hours?” “Not at this time of day. I might be able to find a truck for you.” We found a truck driver, and slipped him a five-dollar bill, and he let me put my head near his exhaust pipe for a half hour. I was immediately revived and able to give my speech. Nobody was as happy to leave Flagstaff as I was. My next stop was Los Angeles, and when I got off the plane, I took one big deep breath of the smog-filled air, my eyes started to water, I began to sneeze, and I felt like a new man again.

31. Why did the author go to Flagstaff? (A) He went there to visit his friends. (B) He went there to do a research. (C) He went there to deliver a speech. (D) He went there for sightseeing.

32. According to the passage, what did the author do to ease his discomfort? (A) He put his head near a truck’s exhaust pipe. (B) He drove on the highway in silence. (C) He bought a surgical mask to wear. (D) He got out of the car and smoked silently.

33. According to the passage, when the author got off the plane in Los Angeles, which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? (A) His eyes started to water. (B) He began to sneeze. (C) He felt like a new man again. (D) He began to miss Flagstaff.

34. What is the tone of this passage? (A) Serious. (B) Humorous. (C) Enthusiastic. (D) Melancholy.

35. What can we infer from the passage? (A) Life in Flagstaff, Arizona is easy and relaxing. (B) Air pollution in cities is a serious matter. (C) Scientists have discovered ways to purify the exhaust. (D) People in Los Angeles eat a lot of natural foods. ▲閱讀下文，回答第 36 – 40 題 These days, health specialists are promoting the idea of fitness for everybody. Fitness means good health or physical condition, especially as the result of exercise and proper nutrition. One individual may need fewer calories than another, depending on metabolism. Some people might prefer easier exercise to more strenuous exercise. Understanding the needs of your own body is the key. Even though no one can be sure of avoiding chronic diseases, poor diet can definitely ruin good health. With the change of your eating habits, you can reduce the damage or lower the risk of disease. Poor eating habits, such as eating too much junk food, might result in having extra kilograms. Although gaining a few extra kilograms doesn’t always mean you are overweight, it can be hazardous to your health. Unlike the muscle-bound athletes, for most people, the kilograms they are packing are fat, instead of muscle. Extra kilograms can decrease your life expectancy while increasing the risk of health problems, such as high blood pressure, heart enlargement, high blood cholesterol levels, heart attacks, adult-onset diabetes, colon and prostate cancers in men; and breast and uterine cancers in women, and osteoarthritis. For a typical adult who would like to know whether they have excessive body weight, the body mass index (BMI) is the best indicator. The BMI is a common measure expressing the ratio of weight to height. It is a statistical measurement comparing an individual’s weight and height. Because measuring and calculating one’s BMI is an easy task for most people, it is currently the most widely used diagnostic tool to identify weight problems within a population, including underweight, overweight and obesity. With this simple formula — an individual’s body weight divided by the square of his height — he can calculate if he should drop a few kilograms or not. For example, a person weighing 55 kilograms, with a height of 1.65 meters, would have a healthy BMI of 20.2 [55/(1.65)2 =20.2]. For adults, a BMI ranging from 18.5 to 24.9 is considered normal. If your BMI is between 25 and 29.9, you are overweight, while anyone with a BMI of 30 or more is considered obese. Good health is not something you are able to buy at any drugstore. You cannot depend on getting it back just with a quick visit to the doctor when you are sick, either. Instead, you should do exercise on a regular basis and keep a balanced diet if you want to have good physical condition. You are the one who is responsible to make your body last without major problems. Mistreating your system by keeping bad eating habits, neglecting symptoms of illnesses, and ignoring common health rules can indeed counteract the best medical care.

36. What is the main idea of this passage? (A) To have good health, people should keep a balanced diet and exercise regularly. (B) The body mass index is the best indicator of an individual’s physical condition. (C) People can always depend on doctors and medicine to have good health. (D) An individual’s bad eating habits might result in weight problems.

37. The word strenuous in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ____________. (A) tough (B) exciting (C) diversified (D) stressful

38. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE? (A) Gaining more weight does not always mean you are overweight, but this might be dangerous to your health. (B) Overweight or obese people are more likely to have health problems like high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol levels, heart attacks, etc. (C) Eating more vitamins, taking more medicine and going to the doctor more often are the best ways to keep one’s health. (D) Weight problems include not only overweight and obesity, but also underweight.

39. According to the passage, which of the following about the BMI is NOT TRUE? (A) As an adult, if you are with a BMI of 28.5, you are considered overweight, and if your BMI is 32, you are obese. (B) By calculating his or her BMI, an adult will know whether he or she has health problems. (C) It is easy to measure and calculate the BMI, so people use it to find out their weight problems. (D) To calculate and measure your BMI, you need to provide both your weight and height.

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