3. The oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is not thermodynamically favored under standard conditions. It occurs because:
(A) it involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
(B)it is coupled with a stro ng reduction.
(C) it is coupled with ATP hydrolysis.
(D) oxaloacetate is used in the next reaction, which has a negative AG.
(E) the previous reaction has a large negative AG.

8. 「透得名利關，方是小歇處」，句中「小歇處」意指： (A)人生的最高境界 (B)為人最起碼的修養 (C)事業成功的標幟 (D)取功名的最低資格

9. 作者認為世道日降是由於什麼原因？ (A)士大夫無恥 (B)人人為名利所誘 (C)為學、用人專尚言語 (D)在位不廉，為人不義

1. During aerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is most likely oxidized to_________ converted to_________. (A) acetaldehyde； ethanol (B) acetyl-CoA； glyceraldehyde (C) acetyl-CoA；lactate (D) acetaldehyde； lactate (E) none of the above.

2. In photosynthesis, light energy is transformed into ATP and biosynthetic reducing power into (A) NADPH. (B) NADH. (C) ADP. (D) AMP. (E) None of the above.

4. ATP made in glycolysis and the TCA cycle is the result of__________phosphorylation, and NADH-dependent ATP synthesis is the result of__________ phosphorylation. (A)oxidative; substratc-level (B) oxidative; electron (C) substratc-level; electron (D) substrate-level; oxidative (E) proton-gradient; oxidative

5. All are characteristic of the conversion of glucose to lactate EXCEPT: (A) anaerobic pathway ay with no net oxidation. (B) "primed" by ATP phosphorylation. (C) located in the cytosol. (D) approximately 50% efficient in erythrocytes. (E) net production of four ATP per glucose. while in anaerobic glycolysis, pyruvate is phosphorylation, and NADH-dependent ATP

6. All are important reaso sons to phosphorylate glucose in the first step of glycolysis EXCEPT: (A) the large positive free energy is important in getting the pathway started. (B) glucose-6-phosphate has a negative charge preventing transport out of the cell. (C) the concentration of free glucose in the cell is lowered favoring influx of glucose. (D) phosphorylation keeps the glucose in the cell. (E) regulatory control can be imposed only at a reaction not at equilibrium.

7. Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in glycolysis in the reaction catalyzed by_______and belongs to class of enzymes. (A) phosphoglycerate kinase; transferase (B) hexokinase; transferase (C) phosphofructokinase; transferase (D) glucokinase; transferase (E) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; oxidoreductase

8. The only reaction of the citric acid cycle that provides substrate-level phosphorylation is catalyzed by: (A) malate dehydrogenase. (B) citrate synthase. (C) isocitratc dehydrogenase. (D) succinyl-CoA synthetase. (E) nucleotide triphosphate kinase. 

9. The pentose phosphate pathway is an important source of_______, and for ________, an essential precursor for ATP, NAD , FAD, CoA, DNA and RNA. (A) ATP;NADH (B) NADH; NADPH (C) NADPH; ribose-5-phosphate (D) ribose-5-phosphate; ATP (E) all are true