30. Which of the following is the most appropriate type of writing for this passage? (A) Argumentation. (B) Classification. (C) Documentary. (D) Commentary. 請依下文回答第 31 題至第 35 題： Aeroponic systems nourish plants with nothing more than nutrient-laden mist. The concept builds off that of hydroponic systems, in which the roots are held in a soilless growing medium, such as coco coir, over which nutrient-laden water is periodically pumped. Aeroponics simply dispenses with the growing medium, leaving the roots to dangle in the air, where they are periodically puffed by specially- designed misting devices. In aeroponic systems, seeds are “planted” in pieces of foam stuffed into tiny pots, which are exposed to light on one end and nutrient mist on the other. Advantages of Aeroponics— It turns out that eliminating the growing medium is very freeing for a plants’ roots: the extra oxygen they are exposed to results in faster growth. Aeroponic systems are also extremely water-efficient. These closed-loop systems use 95 percent less irrigation than plants grown in soil. Since the nutrients are held in the water, they get recycled, too. In addition to these efficiencies, aeroponics’ eco-friendly reputation is bolstered by the ability to grow large quantities of food in small spaces. Drawbacks of Aeroponics— Aeroponics systems require a bit of finesse to operate effectively. The nutrient concentration of the water must be maintained within precise parameters and even a slight malfunction of your equipment can cause the loss of a crop. If the misters don’t spray every few minutes— maybe because the power goes out, for example—those dangling roots will quickly desiccate. And the misters need regular cleaning to keep them from becoming clogged by mineral deposits in the water. There is also one major drawback, environmentally-speaking: aeroponic systems rely on electrical power to pump water through the tiny misting devices. While they can be employed in the natural light of a greenhouse, they are more often used with energy-intensive grow lights.

35. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “laden” in the passage? (A) Loaded. (B) Launched. (C) Dimmed. (D) Dislodged. 請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題： In contemporary society, the erosion of ethical standards presents a pervasive challenge that affects individuals and institutions alike. At its core, this decline in moral values stems from a variety of factors, ranging from societal pressures to institutional practices. Individually, people may succumb to ethical lapses driven by the pursuit of self-interest or societal norms that prioritize personal gain over moral principles. Moreover, institutional factors, such as corruption and lack of accountability, contribute to the normalization of unethical behavior. This erosion of ethics undermines trust within communities and poses significant threats to societal integrity. Furthermore, the consequences of ethical deterioration extend beyond individual actions to impact broader societal structures. When institutions prioritize profit margins or political agendas over ethical considerations, it fosters a culture where corruption flourishes and impunity prevails. This not only erodes public trust in key institutions but also undermines the very foundations of democracy and justice. As a result, the erosion of ethics perpetuates a cycle of distrust, cynicism, and social discord that threatens the well-being of society as a whole. To address the multifaceted issue of ethical erosion, a concerted effort is required from both individuals and institutions. Individuals must cultivate a strong moral compass and prioritize ethical conduct in their daily lives, even in the face of societal pressures or personal temptations. Simultaneously, institutions must enact stringent measures to promote transparency, accountability, and ethical leadership. By holding both individuals and institutions accountable and fostering a culture of integrity, society can begin to reverse the tide of moral decay and rebuild trust within communities. Through collective action and a steadfast commitment to upholding ethical principles, we can forge a path towards a more just, equitable, and morally upright future.

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