31.
(A) also has contributed
(B) has contributed to also
(C) has also contributed to
(D) has contributed also to

32. (A) quiet (B) active (C) short (D) weak

33. (A) compared with (B) being comparing with (C) comparing with (D) compared

34. (A) little (B) a lot of (C) lesser (D) fewer

35. (A) but (B) for (C) while (D) with 四、閱讀測驗 As the global population is projected to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, traditional agriculture faces unprecedented challenges. Climate change, water scarcity, and soil degradation are making it increasingly difficult to grow enough food using conventional farming methods. In response to these pressing issues, vertical farming has emerged as a promising alternative. Vertical farming involves growing crops in stacked layers, often within controlled indoor environments such as abandoned warehouses or large shipping containers. By utilizing advanced technologies like hydroponics (growing plants in nutrient-rich water instead of soil) and automated LED lighting, these farms can operate year-round regardless of outside weather conditions. This innovative method uses up to 90% less water than traditional farming and nearly eliminates the need for harmful chemical pesticides. Furthermore, vertical farms are typically located in or near urban centers, significantly reducing the distance that food must travel to reach consumers. This localized approach not only cuts down on transportation emissions but also ensures that city dwellers have access to fresher produce with a longer shelf life. Despite its numerous advantages, the vertical farming industry is not without its drawbacks. The primary hurdle is the massive energy consumption required to power the artificial lighting and climate control systems 24/7. High initial setup costs also prevent many small-scale farmers from adopting this technology. However, as renewable energy becomes more affordable and technology advances, experts remain optimistic that vertical farming will play a crucial role in the future of global food security.

36. What is the main purpose of this passage? (A) To argue that traditional farming should be completely banned worldwide. (B) To introduce vertical farming and discuss its advantages and challenges. (C) To explain how to build a small greenhouse in an urban apartment. (D) To advertise a specific brand of LED lights used for indoor plants.

37. According to the passage, what is one of the methods used in vertical farming? (A) Growing crops in nutrient-rich water. (B) Planting seeds in highly fertile, traditional soil. (C) Using heavy diesel machinery to harvest crops. (D) Spraying chemical pesticides to prevent bugs.

38. Why does vertical farming help reduce transportation emissions? (A) Because it relies on electric tractors instead of diesel ones. (B) Because the crops grown indoors are lighter and easier to transport. (C) Because the food is shipped internationally via zero-emission airplanes. (D) Because the farms are generally located close to where the consumers live.

39. What is identified as the major challenge for adopting vertical farming? (A) The lack of available shipping containers in cities. (B) The high energy consumption and expensive initial setup costs. (C) The poor taste and low nutritional value of the vegetables produced. (D) The severe shortage of water resources in most urban areas.

40. What does the last paragraph suggest about the future development of vertical farming? (A) It is likely to disappear unless traditional farming methods are abandoned. (B) It will mainly benefit small-scale farmers in rural areas. (C) Its wider adoption may be supported by more affordable renewable energy and continued technological advances. (D) It has already become the dominant solution to the global food crisis.

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