32. The observed van't Hoff factor for an electrolyte is less than the expected factor because of .
(A) electrolytic repulsion
(B) complete dissociation
(C) coagulation
(D) ion pairing
(E) gelation

33. Ethylenediamine (en) is a bidentate ligand. What is the coordination number of cobalt in [Co(en)2Cl2]Cl? (A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 7 (E) 8

34. Which of the following complexes shows geometrical isomerism? (A) [Cu(NH3)4]Cl2 (B) [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 (C) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (D) K[Co(NH3)2Cl4] (E) none of these

35. The complex ions of Zn2+ are all colorless. The most likely explanation for this is: (A) Zn2+ is paramagnetic. (B) Zn2+ exhibits “d orbital” splittings in its complexes such that they absorb all wavelengths in the visible region. (C) Since Zn2+ is a d10 ion, it does not absorb visible light even though the “d orbital” splittings are correct for absorbing visible wavelengths. (D) Zn2+ is not a transition metal ion. (E) None of these is correct.

36. What is the sum of all isomers (geometrical and optical) that the complex ion Co(en)2Cl2+ exhibits? (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

37. Fluoride ion ranks low in the spectrochemical series and produces a weak crystal field in complex ions. Based on this information, predict the number of unpaired electrons in CoF64–. (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

38. The color of a transition metal complex results from: (A) bending vibrations (B) stretching vibrations (C) transition of an electron between d orbitals (D) transition of an electron between an s and a p orbital (E) nuclear magnetic resonance

39. The phenomenon called __________ contraction is responsible for the great similarity in atomic size and chemistry of 4d and 5d elements. (A) transition (B) coordination (C) lanthanide (D) isomeric (E) none of these

40. Identify the strongest base. (A) CH3O– (B) CH3OH (C) CN– (D) H2O (E) NO3–

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