33. In the first sentence of the second paragraph, what does the boldfaced word “dry” most likely mean? (A) Having no water. (B) Not tasting sweet. (C) Useless. (D) Uninteresting. Everyone is anxious at one time or another. Anxiety is a normal response to threats directed towards one’s body, possessions, way of life, loved ones, or cherished values. It is normal during extreme effort or in a life situation that changes rapidly and demands continuous adaptation. Parents and teachers as well as psychiatrists agree that “normal” anxiety spurs the individual to useful action and plays an important role in beneficial change and personal growth. In contrast, excessive anxiety not only makes person unhappy but also has a deleterious effect on his performance. Anxiety is primarily a conscious subjective state, variously described as an emotion, affect, or feeling. It is expressed by certain kinds of behavior and is accompanied by characteristic physiologic changes. 語文類(一) 專業科目(一) 共 8 頁第 6 頁 Whether anxiety is normal or abnormal depends on its intensity and duration and the circumstances that cause it. In current usage, fear and anxiety are often differentiated by regarding fear as the response to a realistic danger and anxiety as the result of obscure or irrational causes. This distinction is hard to maintain consistently and has only limited practical value.

37. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, what does the boldfaced word “deleterious” most likely mean? (A) Calming. (B) Deliberate. (C) Beneficial. (D) Harmful. Wherever people live together in communities, disputes are bound to arise. Among animals, conflicts result in victory for the stronger or quicker. But human beings believe that in an argument the one who is right should win. Sometimes an argument can be settled quickly. But sometimes the problem is more complicated and can be settled only in a court. A court is a forum, or meeting place, established by the government for the just and peaceful settlement of disputes and the enforcement of laws. Courts and methods of carrying out justice have changed as society has changed. Over the centuries the changes have been enormous. Europeans in the Middle Ages often settled the disputes in ways that seem extremely crude and unfair to us today. One method was called trial by ordeal. There were four forms of ordeal—“cold water,” “hot water,” “hot iron,” and the “morsel.” In the cold water ordeal, the accused person was tied and lowered into water. If he sank, he was declared innocent. If he floated, he was considered guilty and was punished. In ordeal by hot water, the accused plunged his hand into boiling water and pulled out a stone. If his hand showed no injury after three days, he was considered innocent. In the hot iron ordeal, the accused had to carry a red-hot iron bar nine feet. As in the boiling water ordeal, his hands were inspected three days later to determine guilt. The morsel ordeal, although not so painful, was as hard to pass as the other three. The accused had to swallow a big piece of food without choking on it.

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