4. Chargaff's rules state that in typical DNA:
(A) A =G.
(B) A = C.
(C) A = U.
(D)T+C=G+A.
(E) T +G=C+A.

5. The conversion of 1 mol of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to 2 mol of pyruvate by the glycolytic pathway results in a net formation of: (A)1 mol of NAD+ and 2 mol of ATP. (B) 1 mol of NADH and 1 mol of ATP. (C) 2 mol of NADH and 4 mol of ATP. (D) 2 mol of NADH and 2 mol of ATP. (E) 2 mol of NAD+ and 4 mol of ATP.

6.fthe following substrates cannot contribute to net gluconeogenesis in man (A) Lysine (B) glutamate (C) alanine (D) pyruvate (E) a-ketoglutarate

7. Of the 20 standard amino acids, only____is not optically active. The reason is that its side chain______. (A)alanine； is a simple methyl group (B) glycine； is a hydrogen atom (C)glycine； is unbranched (D) lysine； contains only nitrogen (E) proline； forms a covalent bond with the amino group

8. Two amino acids of the standard 20 contain sulfur atoms. they are (A) cysteine and serine (B) cysteine and threonine (C) methionine and cysteine (D) methionine and serine (E) threonine and serine

9. Which of the following statements about aromatic amino acids is correct? (A) All are strongly hydrophilic. (B)Histidine's ring structure results in its being categorized as aromatic or basic, depe (C) On a molar basis, tryptophan absorbs more ultraviolet light than tyrosine. (D)The major contribution to the characteristic absorption of light at 280 nm by prot phenylalanine R group. (E) The presence of a ring structure in its R group determines whether or not an amino acid is aromatic.

10. The formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids is an example of a(n) ________reaction. (A)cleavage (B)condensation (C)group transfer (D) isomerization (E) oxidation reduction

11. Prosthetic groups in the class of proteins known as glycoproteins are composed of : (A)carbokydrates (B) flavin nucleotides (C) lipids (D) Metals (E) phosphates

12. All of the following are considered "'weak" interactions in proteins, except : (A) hydrogen bonds (B) hydrophobic interactions (C) ionic bonds (D) peptide bonds (E) van der Waals forces

13. Pauling and Corey's studies of the peptide bond showed that: (A) at pH 7, many different peptide bond conformations are equally probable. (B) peptide bonds are essentially planar, with no rotation about the C–N axis. (C) peptide bonds in proteins are unusual, and unlike those in small model compounds. (D) peptide bond structure is extraordinarily complex. (E) primary structure of all proteins is similar, although the secondary and tertiary structure may differ greatly.

14. In hemoglobin, the transition from T state to R state (low to high affinity) is triggered by: (A) Fe2t binding. (B) heme binding. (C)oxygen binding. (D) subunit association. (E) subunit dissociation.

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