41.在Claviceps purpurea特有的品種中，可以獲得單一較高產率的生物鹼成分如ergotamine。此影響植物二次代 謝產物的因素稱為：
(A)differentiation
(B)environment
(C)heredity
(D)ontogeny

41.植物在不同生長階段，會影響其二次代謝產物之種類及含量的因素稱為： 
(A)Differentiation 
(B)Environment 
(C)Heredity 
(D)Ontogeny 
(E) B.C.D

Ontogeny→影響Papaver somniferum(Morphine)、Cannabis sativa (大麻；迷幻成分△THC)二次代謝產物的因素

Heredity→影響大部分植物，例：Claviceps purpurea (Ergot)、Eucalyptus globus (桉葉，Myrtaceae桃金孃科)、Strophanthus kombe(毒毛旋花子)二次代謝產物的因素

Secondary constituents 二次代謝產物are influenced by (i) heredity (ii) ontogeny (iii) environment. Genetic effects induce both qualitative (量) and quantitative (品質) changes while ontogeny and environment affects qualitative primarily.

Heredity (genetic composition): e.g. Some Claviceps strains give the "desired" Ergotamine while others give small concentrations of complex mixtures of alkaloids

Ontogeny (stage of development): e.g. in Cannabis, cannabidiol peaks early then decline, whereas tetrahydrocannabinol increases until maturity. in poppy, morphine is highest 2-3weeks after flowering, but if harvested earlier, thebaine and codeine is higher

Environment (including cultivation factors): e.g. many alkaloid plants yield higher content in moist regions

41.罌粟（Papaver somniferum）在開花後2至3星期時，其蒴果內之嗎啡（morphine）含量最高。由此例可說明下 列何因素會影響植物二次代謝產物之種類及含量？
(A)epigenetics
(B)ontogeny
(C)environment
(D)methods of cultivation