44. The word ''others" in paragraph 3 refers to
(A) months
(B) objects
(C) fingers
(D) blankets

40. It is implied in the passage that (A) Harrison's device was not very accurate. (B) Harrison spent considerable time traveling. (C) Harrison received 20,000 pounds from Parliament. (D)Harrison's device was better than any other device in determining latitude.

41. Which of the sentences below expresses the information in the underlined statement in the passage? (A) Our new experiences require that we adjust in order to understand information that we have never seen. (B) Understanding new ideas is easier if we include observations and personal experiences. (C) We engage in both organization of what we see and experience and adaption of novel ideas. (D) Thinking must include direct observation and experiences in order to organize the information.

42. Why does the author mention a hammer in paragraph 2? (A) To explain the concepts of assimilation and accommodation (B) To demonstrate how a 9-year-old girl responds to a new experience (C) To prove that a young child cannot engage in problem solving (D)To provide an example of the first stage of cognitive development

43. Which of the following behaviors illustrates that a child is in concrete operational stage? (A) Logical reasoning for specific examples (B) Intuitive thought in images and drawings - (C) Methodical trials to determine the reason for events (D) None of the above

45. Which of the following is NOT a behavior typically shown in the formal operational stage? (A) Abstract thinking with hypotheses (B) Thinking about potential situations for the future (C) Successful solution of tangible problems (D)Imagination of ideal situations or relationships

46. In preoperational stage, which of the following behavior will the child NOT be able to perform? (A) Match the word and the concept (B) Mental recall of an action done previously (C) Draw a picture of an animal (D)None of the above

47. According to paragraph 7, why would a 10-year-old be unable to solve algebra problems? (A) Algebra requires concrete operational thinking. (B) A 10-year-old has not reached the formal operational stage. (C) A child of 10 does not have logical reasoning abilities. (D) An algebra problem has too many steps in order to solve it.

48. In paragraph 8, the author mentions parents because (A) teenagers are already thinking about their roles in the future. (B) parents are very important teachers during the final stages of development. (C) the comparison of real and ideal parents is an example of abstract thinking, (D) adolescents tend to be critical of their parents as part of their development.

49. What can be inferred from the passage about people who are older than 15 years of age? (A) They must have completed all of Piaget's stages of cognitive development. (B) They are probably in the formal operational state of development. (C)They have mastered deductive reasoning and are beginning to learn intuitively. (D) They may still not be able to solve problems systematically. .

50. All of the following refer to Piaget’s theory EXCEPT (A) Even very young infants may engage in constructing the way that they understand the world (B) Both assimilation and accommodation are processes that we can use to help us adapt to new information. (C) When children learn more information, then their thinking is at a higher stage of development. (D)Operations require a more advanced stage of development than symbolic representation.