45. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about the animal rights movement?
(A) Animal rights activists are trying different approaches to accomplish their goals.
(B) The animal rights movement is supported mostly by people who dislike scientists.
(C) Animal rights activists are more interested in protecting dogs than any other animals.
(D) Animal rights activists are not very successful in passing laws to protect animals.

▲閱讀下文，回答第 46 – 50 題
Is vitamin E the key to good health — preventing cancer, heart disease, and ulcers, relieving
the pain of arthritis, as well as producing glowing skin, good eyesight, and other benefits? Studies
have yielded contradictory findings and so far no scientific proof has been possible for any of these
claims.
Vitamin E is present mostly in nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, whole grains, and leafy vegetables.
Broccoli, tomato sauce, red peppers, carrots, and some fish are also good sources. Some vitamin E
is lost in the cooking process, but not a really significant amount. According to critics of “vitamin
medicine,” anyone who eats a good balanced diet has no need for vitamin E supplements.
In animals, shortage of vitamin E causes sudden and obvious changes. Chickens deprived of
vitamin E develop muscular weakness. Calves whose diets contain inadequate amounts of vitamin E

develop heart disease. Rats that are deprived of vitamin E develop liver degeneration. Nor do they
grow as quickly as healthy rats.
But in humans, with one exception, there are no symptoms of any kind connected with a
vitamin E deficiency. Premature infants who lack proper amounts of vitamin E sometimes develop
anemia or skin rashes, but any symptoms caused by this deficiency in adult humans are either too
insignificant to appear in normal tests or are simply nonexistent. A study followed subjects who
maintained low vitamin E diets for six years and discovered no effects of the diets on the subjects at all.
People including researchers, hold markedly different beliefs about vitamin E supplements.
Some doctors take vitamin E, but don’t recommend it for their patients. Some do the reverse. Some
experts think there have been too many vitamin E studies and say it’s time to quit expecting health
benefits. Others say nearly all the research has been flawed and recommend starting afresh using
even higher doses of vitamin E or different forms of it.
The supplements industry has, of course, continued to urge people to take vitamin E supplements.
However, experts say that the use and intake of vitamin E has traditionally been thought of in terms
of overt vitamin E deficiency. Much less research has been done on the levels that can help create
optimum health. This issue is of special importance with modern populations that have very
different diets, activity levels and increased life span.
You can add vitamin E pills to your morning routine if you like, but the simple fact is that
almost everyone who eats a balanced diet is extremely unlikely to have a vitamin E deficiency.
Thus, there is no plausible benefit to vitamin E supplementation for general health or wellness.