45. What are the major carriers of nitrogen in the blood for amino acid metabolism?
(A) Alanine and glutamine
(B) Arginine and glutamine
(C) Lysine and arginine
(D) Arginine and tryptophan
(E) Glutamine and asparagine

41. Which of the following descriptions is false? (A) If clectron transfer in tightly coupled mitochondria is blocked (with antimycin A) between cytochrome b and cytochrome cl, O2 uptake will continue. (B) A drug that inhibits the ATP synthase in the mitochondrion will also inhibit the flow of electrons down the chain of carriers. (C) Oxidative phosphorylation can not occur in the absence of an intact inner mitochondrial membrance. (D) Uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation haits mitochondrial ATP formation, but allows continued O2 consumption. (E) If electron transfer in tightly coupled mitochondria is blocked (with antimycin A) between cytochrome b and cytochrome cl, then all ATP synthesis will stop.

42. The reaction of the citric acid cycle that is most similar to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-catalyzed conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is the conversion of. (A) citrate to isocitrate. (B) fumarate to malate. (C) malate to oxaloacetate. (D) succinyi-CoA to succinate. (E) a-ketogiutarate to succinyl-CoA.

43. Which of the following statements in the enzyme cofactors involved in one-carbon transfer reactions is false? (A) Tetrahydrofolate, S-adenosylmethionine, and biotin are important cofactors involved in the reactions of one-carbon transfers. (B) S-Adenosylmethionine is synthesized from ATP and methionine. (C) In the activated-methyI cycle for the synthesis of methionine and S-adenosylmethionine, homocysteine is converted to methionine through the donation of the methy! group frommethylenetetrahydrofolate. (D) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, contains a biotin prosthetic group. (E) The methyl group donated from S-adenosylmethionine is more reactive than that donated from N5-methyltetrahydrofolate.

44. What are the three mammalian enzymes that can "fix" ammonia into organic molecules? (A) Nitrogenase complex, CarbamoyI phosphate synthetase 1, and Glutamine synthetase (B) Glutamate dehydrogenase, Glutamine synthetase, and Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (C) Dinitrogenase, CarbamoyI phosphate synthetase I, and Gjutamate dehydrogenase (D) Dinitrogenase reductase, Dinitrogenase, and Carbamoy! phosphate synthetase 1 (E) Glutamine anidotransferases, Glutamine synthetase, and CarbamoyI phosphate synthetase 1

46. As a physician, which of the tests do you wish to examine for type I diabetes patients in addition to blood glucose? With this test, you can determine if the patients have bcen consistently keeping the blood sugar down. (A) ketone bodies in the blood (B) triacylglycerols in the blood (C) ketone bodies in the urine (D) glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAIC) in the blood (E) lactate in the blood

47. Aminotransferases are enzymes that have all of the following characteristics except that: (A) they can make an a-ketoacid from an &-amino acid. (B) they use pyridoxal phosphate as a carrier of amino groups. (C) the reactions that they catalyze are highly reversible. (D) they use ATP in the reactions that they catalyze. (E) serum levels of certain aminotransferases are used as a clinical measure of tissue damage.

48. Which of the followings is not a function of DNA polymerase I from E. col? (A) Adding nucleotides to the primer strand (C) 5'→3' exonuclcase activity (D) proofreading (B) 3'→5' exonuclease activity (E) E. coli DNA polymerase I has all of the above functions.

49. A mutation in the trp binding site of the repressor would result in: (A) inducible trp operon expression. (B) constitutive trp operon expression. (C) no operon expression. (D) All of the above (E) None of the above

50. The direction of amino acid transfer to the growing polypeptide chain is: (A) from the A (aminoacyl tRNA site) site to the P (peptidyl tRNA site) site on the small subunit of the ribosome. (B) from the A site to the P site on the large subunit of the ribosome. (C) from the A site to the E (exit tRNA site) site on the ribosome. (D) from the P site to the A site on the small subunit of the ribosomne. (E) from the P site to the A site on the large subunit of the ribosome.

1. 以下皆是前瞻性的醫療指導模式，但何者為非? (A)EMTP養成教育訓練 (B)醫療指導提出年度救護器材採購建議 (C)教護手機無線電通訊監控 (D)訂立線上醫療指導流程