48 Which of the following words best describes the author’s attitude toward the impacts of the supports from the family on the kids suffering from early-life misfortune?
(A) negative
(B) hopeful
(C) distrustful
(D) neutral

(A) negative 否定/拒絕/負面/消極
(B) hopeful 抱有希望/充滿希望/給人以希望/希望成名的人
(C) distrustful 不信任/懷疑/可疑
(D) neutral 中立/不偏不倚/不引人注意

Researchers have found out that early life misfortune不幸 or stress can significantly decrease the size of brain regions which are typically associated with emotional processing and control. To contextualize將…置於其背景下考慮 the obtained brain data, scientists interviewed the children’s parents. 
研究人員發現，早年的不幸或壓力會顯著減少通常與情緒處理和控制相關的大腦區域的大小。 為了將獲得的大腦數據背景化，科學家採訪了孩子的父母。

Both the brain data and the interview data suggested that when early-life misfortune becomes the norm常態 of life, the nervous system would be overwhelmed and result in depression, obsessive強迫症 compulsive強迫性的 disorder (OCD), anxiety, cancer, and even lack of career success in adulthood.
大腦數據和訪談數據都表明，當早年不幸成為生活常態時，神經系統就會不堪重負，導致抑鬱症、強迫症（OCD）、焦慮症、癌症，甚至成年後事業不成功。

Importantly, kids who experienced early-life misfortune often suffered from unconscious無意識的 blackout停電 of brain, and losing track of time. According to scientists, these physiological生理 problems happen as a result of nervous system’s reaction to protect ourselves.
重要的是，早年經歷過不幸的孩子經常會出現無意識的大腦停電，並且會忘記時間。 根據科學家的說法，這些生理問題的發生是由於神經系統為保護我們自己而做出的反應。

Furthermore, many children who suffered from early-life adversity逆境 reported that they tend to be uncommunicative to anyone with exception例外 to their best friends and tend to interpret解釋 everyday experiences from a negative lens消極的角度. But this does not mean that the life path of these children cannot be changed.
此外，許多早年經歷過逆境的孩子報告說，除了他們最好的朋友外，他們往往不願與任何人交流，並且傾向於從消極的角度來解釋日常經歷。 但這並不代表這些孩子的人生軌跡無法改變。

Many participants of the study reported that the encouragement from family members and school teachers gradually develops their confidence; many of them reported doing well in school subjects, especially in math, and were able to gradually get rid of horrible thoughts with the help from friends and family members.
許多研究參與者反映，家人和學校老師的鼓勵逐漸培養了他們的信心； 他們中的許多人報告說他們在學校的科目成績很好，尤其是在數學方面，並且在朋友和家人的幫助下能夠逐漸擺脫可怕的想法。