49. 下列詞語的典源，皆和音樂有關，何者意涵明顯與其他選項  不同  ？
(A) 高山流水
(B) 流魚出聽，六馬仰秣
(C) 下里巴人
(D) 舞幽壑之潛蛟，泣孤舟之嫠婦 

※閱讀下列短文，回答問題 我想我是碰見了 最強的靈感 在詩裡，你是全部街燈 雨季，消逝的金烏， 小晴朗夜的月暈──你是 它們的父親…… (節錄楊佳嫻〈鍛鍊〉)50. 文中「金烏」是何種事物的代稱？ (A) 太陽 (B) 月亮 (C) 星星 (D) 烏鴉

1. Why aren't insect tracheae associated with capillary beds? (A) Insect capillaries are found only around the gut. (B) Insects have external gills associated with hemolymph vessels. (C) Insects use an air sac respiratory system. (D) Insects have an open circulatory system. (E) All of the above.

2. During the generation of an action potential, which of the following best explains the absolute refractory period at the molecular level? (A) The K+ channels remain open, preventing the membrane from reaching the threshold potential. (B) The Nat channels are inactivated, preventing further depolarization despite strong stimuli. (C) The Na+/K+-ATPase pump is actively hyperpolarizing the membrane, inhibiting depolarization. (D) The relative permeability of Nat remains high, preventing K+ efflux from dominating. (E) The lipid bilayer of the membrane is temporarily impermeable to all ions.

3. Which of the following best explains why a neuron receiving a simultaneous excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) may fail to reach the threshold for an action potential? (A) The IPSP causes a transient inactivation of voltage-gated Nat channels, making depolarization impossible. (B) The inhibitory synapse stabilizes the membrane potential at a level too positive to allow Na+ channel activation. (C) The summation of EPSP and IPSP results in a net change in membrane potential that may be insufficient to reach the threshold. (D) The presence of an IPSP leads to immediate degradation of neurotransmitters, reducing excitatory drive. (E) The inhibitory synapse actively removes Nat from the postsynaptic cell, counteracting the excitatory input.

4. Which of the following is a fundamental physiological difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle that prevents tetanic contractions in cardiac muscle? (A) Cardiac muscle lacks functional T-tubules, preventing rapid excitation-contraction coupling. (B) Cardiac muscle action potentials involve L-type Ca2+ channels, prolonging depolarization and refractory periods. (C) The sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle lacks ryanodine receptors, preventing sustained Ca2+ release. (D) The pacemaker activity of cardiac muscle ensures a fixed contractile frequency, preventing summation. (E) Cardiac muscle myosin has a significantly lower ATPase activity, preventing repeated cross-bridge cycling.

5. If a human red blood cell takes the shortest possible route from the right ventricle to the right atrium, then it must travel through _____ capillary beds. (A) one (B) two (C) three (D) four (E) five

6. What will happen to a man who is unable to produce LH? (A) His anterior pituitary is unable to produce FSH. (B) His Leydig cells are unable to produce testosterone. (C) He will lose the positive feedback control on FSH release. (D) His GnRH release by the hypothalamus is decreased. (E) He will exhibit exaggerated secondary sex characteristics.

7. Which of the following statement on the nitrogenous waste is INCORRECTLY matched with the benefit of its excretion? (A) Urea has lower toxicity relative to ammonia. (B) Uric acid can be stored and excreted as precipitate. (C) Urea is very insoluble in water. (D) Ammonia is highly soluble in water. (E) Uric acid requires minimal amount of water to excrete.

8. Which of the following best describes the role of apoptosis in cell signaling? (A) It randomly destroys cells when there is excess growth. (B) It integrates multiple signaling pathways to systematically remove cells. (C) It is triggered only by external signals from neighboring cells. (D) It primarily occurs in prokaryotic cells to maintain population control. (E) It amplifies signals by activating multiple caspase proteins.

9. Which of the following best describes a primary functional consequence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in regulating central nervous system homeostasis? (A) It prevents the diffusion of small lipophilic molecules, ensuring strict metabolic control within the brain. (B) It allows selective passive diffusion of hydrophilic neurotransmitters, facilitating rapid neuronal signaling. (C) It restricts the entry of many circulating immune cells, limiting the brain's immune surveillance. (D) It actively transports large plasma proteins into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to maintain osmotic balance. (E) It permits the direct exchange of plasma and CSF without specialized transport mechanisms.

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