49. Which of the following outcomes or procedures is NOT mentioned in the passage? (A) Researchers estimated each participant’s oxygen consumption at target heart rates to equalize energy expenditure across groups. (B) Body-composition improvements were more pronounced during the first four weeks than during the final four weeks of the intervention. (C) Heart-rate monitors and ratings of perceived exertion were used to verify that participants maintained the intended training intensity. (D) Blood samples were also analyzed for fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity, both of which improved significantly more.

10. Large corporations are likely to view both customers and employees as _____ commodities. (A) fungible (B) filtered (C) empirical (D) verbose Ⅱ. Cloze (Questions 11-30): Choose the BEST answer for each blank in the passages. Passage A Psychological research on resilience has moved beyond the idea that some individuals simply possess a stable trait that protects them from adversity. Contemporary models emphasize dynamic regulation: people cope not only by enduring stress, but by interpreting events, recruiting social support, and revising goals when circumstances change. This shift has important implications for intervention. If resilience is treated as a fixed capacity, programs tend to classify students or patients as vulnerable; 11 it is viewed as a process, the focus turns to the conditions that make adaptive responses more likely. Such a process-oriented view, however, should not be confused with the optimistic claim that hardship is automatically beneficial. Exposure to manageable difficulty may strengthen coping skills, but severe or repeated stress can 12 attention, memory, and emotion regulation. Measurement is another difficulty. Many resilience scales ask respondents to rate confidence after adversity, 13 these self-reports may reflect cultural expectations about appearing 中國醫藥大學 115 學年度學士後中醫學系入學招生考試英文試題本試題(含封面)共計11頁之第3頁 strong rather than actual recovery. For this reason, researchers increasingly combine questionnaires with behavioral indicators, longitudinal data, and contextual information. The goal is not to find a single resilience score but to explain why one person recovers in a given setting while another does not. Interventions are therefore most credible when they 14 coping strategies to specific stressors and social resources. Put differently, resilience should be understood as an interaction between individuals and environments, 15 as an inner asset that can be measured apart from context.

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