5. Identify the two enzymes involved in converting tyrosine into dopamine.
(A) dopamine β-hydroxylase and propeptide
(B) cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase
(C) tyrosine β hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase
(D) andenylate cyclase and phospholipase C
(E) cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone

6. What anterior pituitary hormone is NOT a tropic hormone? (A) prolactin (B) growth hormone (C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (D) follicle stimulating hormone (E) luteinizing hormone

7. What type of ion channels in the membrane of neurons allows ions to move across the membrane at rest and thereby contribute to resting membrane potential? (A) voltage-gated channels (B) resting channels (C) potential-gated channels (D) leak channels (E) ligand-gated channels

8. What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when potassium channels close? (A) repolarization (B) hyperpolarization (C) depolarization (D) returns to -70 mV (E) membrane stabilization

9. Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells in the central nervous system create the blood-brain barrier, thereby restricting what type of movement of molecules into the brain? (A) active transport of (B) transcytosis of (C) facilitated diffusion of hydrophobic (D) diffusion of lipophilic (E) diffusion of hydrophilic 

10. Amputation in diabetics is often secondary to what other problem with diabetes?(A) microvascular injury(B) retinopathy(C) hypertension(D) cardiomyopathy(E) renal failure

11. What is the graded change in membrane potential that occurs at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle called?(A) inhibitory postsynaptic potential(B) end-plate potential(C) muscarinic potential(D) adrenergic potential(E) action potential

12. During skeletal muscle contraction, multiple crossbridge cycles are occurring between the same thick and thin filament. Which of the following best describes this process?(A) Crossbridge cycling is highly synchronized between a certain thick and thin filament.(B) Crossbridge cycling is asynchronous between a certain thick and thin filament.(C) No more than one myosin head links to the thin filament at the same time.(D) No more than one myosin head detaches from the thin filament at the same time.(E) Tropomyosin only exposes one binding site on actin at a time allowing only one crossbridge to form with actin at a given time.

13. Which of the following decreases heart rate?(A) increase in venous pressure(B) increase in filling time(C) increase in sympathetic activity(D) increase in parasympathetic activity(E) increase in stroke volume

14. Information about mean arterial pressure is integrated within what area of the central nervous system?(A) cervical spinal cord(B) pons(C) hypothalamus(D) medulla oblongata(E) cerebellum

15. Which statement best describes the function of fibrinogen?(A) It transports lipids, playing a role in clotting and defending the body against foreign substances.(B) It primarily affects the movement of fluid into capillaries by creating an osmotic gradient.(C) It provides the nutrients needed to replicate erythrocytes.(D) It is the key substance in the formation of blood clots.(E) It aids in the structural form of the erythrocyte.

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