5. What kind of reagent is the most sensitive one to detect proteins resolved in SDS-gel?
(A) Silver Nitrate
(B) EtBr
(C) Coomassie blue
(D) Amido Black

6. "Catalytic antibody" is a kind of antibody with enzyme activity that can trigger the following reaction: A→B→C, where A, B and C represent reactant, intermediate and product, respectively. What is the antigen that is used to generate this "catalytic antibody"? (A) A (B) B (C) C (D) A+B+C

7. The structure of myoglobulin contains a protoporphyrin group, which is used to bind oxygen. Several important amino acid side chains are required to hold the protoporphyrin group and oxygen inside the myoglobulin. Please point out what is the amino acid side chain indicated by an arrow (see below) in this core structure? (A) Tyr (B) Phe (C) His (D) Thr

8. Antibodies are important research tools in biomedical research. If you want to determine the molecular weight of a specific antigen, what kind of experiment is the most suitable one to get this information? (A) Northern Blot (B) Immunofluorescence (C) EMSA (D) Western Blot

9. Shown here is a sigmoid (cooperative) binding curve when hemoglobin binds oxygen in the presence of different pO2. Please calculate how may percentage of oxygen can be released from hemoglobin when the pO2 is reduced from 8 kPa to 2 kPa. (A) 40% (B) 50% (C) 60% (D) 70%

10. In β-oxidation, long-chain fatty acids are activated to acyl-CoAs and the acyl group is further transferred to carnitine because: (A) Fatty acids can not be oxidized by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase unless they are in the acyl-carnitine form. (B) Acyl-CoAs easily cross the mitochondrial membrane, but the fatty acids themselves will not. (C) Carnitine is required to oxidize to NADH. (D) Acyl-carnitines readily cross the mitochondrial inner membrane, but acyl-CoAs do not.

11. Which of the following reactions of glycolysis is irreversible? (A) fructose 1,6-bisphosphate → dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. (B) glucose 6-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate. (C) fructose 6-phosphate → fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. (D) dihydroxyacetone phosphate → glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

12. Which of the following hormones initiates biological actions by crossing the plasma membrane and then binding to a receptor? (A) Insulin (B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (C) Estradiol (D) Glucagon

13. Diacylglycerol activates which of the following enzymes? (A) Protein kinase A (B) Protein kinase C (C) Phosphorylase b kinase (D) Tyrosine kinase

14. Which of the following types of bonds or interactions are LEAST likely to be involved in stabilizing the three-dimensional folding of most proteins? (A) Disulfide bonds (B) Phosphodiester bonds (C) Hydrogen bonds (D) Hydrophobic interactions

複選題15. Proteins are effective buffers over a wide range of pHs because they usually contain: (A) a large number of amino acids. (B) amino acid residues with different pKa values. (C) amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal residues that can donate or accept protons. (D) a large number of hydrogen bonds in a-helices.

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