50 Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the text above?
(A) Community colleges enrollment is vocationally limited.
(B) Four-year college growth was affected by the open-enrollment policy of junior colleges.
(C) Community colleges provide low-cost preparation for transfer students into four-year institutions.
(D) Community colleges continue to appeal to young, less prepared students.

At the beginning of the 20th century, less than 1,000 colleges with 160,000 students existed in the US. The number of colleges skyrocketed in waves, during the early and mid 20th century. State universities grew from smallin stitutions of fewer than 1,000 students to campuses with 40,000 more students, with networks of regional campuses around the state. In turn, regional campuses broke away and became separate universities.

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20世紀初，美國僅有不到1,000所大學和160,000名學生。大學的數量在20世紀初和中期激增。州立大學從不到1,000名學生的小學院發展成擁有超過40,000名學生的校園，並在該州建立了一系列地區校園的網絡。而這些地區校園後來獨立出來，成為獨立的大學。

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To handle the explosive growth of K–12 education, every state set up a network of teachers’ colleges, beginningwith Massachusetts in the 1830s. After 1950, they became state colleges and then state universities with a broad curriculum. Major new trends included the development of the junior colleges. They were usually set up by city school systems starting in the 1920s. By the 1960s they were renamed as “community colleges.”

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為應對K-12教育的爆炸性增長，每個州都建立了一個教師學院網絡，麻薩諸塞州在19世紀30年代開始建立。1950年後，它們變成了具有廣泛課程的州立學院和大學。主要的新趨勢包括了社區學院的發展。這些學院通常是由城市學區於20世紀20年代開始建立的。到了1960年代，它們改名為「社區學院」。

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Junior colleges grew from 20 in number in 1909, to 170 in 1919. By 1922, 37 states had set up 70 junior colleges, enrolling about 150 students each. Meanwhile, another 137 were privately operated, with about 60 student seach. Rapid expansion continued in the 1920s, with 440 junior colleges in 1930 enrolling about 70,000 students.The peak year for private institutions came in 1949, when there were 322 junior colleges in all; 180 were affiliated with churches, 108 were independent and non-profit, and 34 were private schools being run for-profit.

從1909年的20所社區學院增加到1919年的170所。到了1922年，有37個州建立了70所社區學院，每所學院約招收150名學生。與此同時，還有另外137所私立學院，每所約有60名學生。在20世紀20年代，社區學院的快速擴張持續進行，到1930年有440所社區學院，約有70,000名學生。私立學院的高峰年份是1949年，當時共有322所社區學院；其中180所與教會有關聯，108所是獨立非營利機構，34所是以營利為目的的私立學校。

Many factors contributed to rapid growth of community colleges. Students parents and businessmen wanted nearby, low-cost schools to provide training for the growing white-collar labor force, as well as for more advanced technical jobs in the blue-collar sphere. Four-year colleges were also growing, albeit not as fast; however, many ofthem were located in rural or small-town areas away from the fast-growing metropolis. Community colleges continue as open-enrollment, low-cost institutions with a strong component of vocational education, as well as alow-cost preparation for transfer students into four-year schools. They appeal to a poorer, older, less prepare delement.