牙醫學(二)（包括口腔病理學、牙科材料學、口腔微生物學、牙科藥理學等科目及其臨床相關知識）題庫下載題庫

The cells involved in innate immune responses such as phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages) and cells that release inflammatory mediators (basophils, mast cells and eosinophils) are designed to recognize only a few highly conserved structures present in many different microorganisms. These cells recognize microbial structures called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in order to activate the innate immune response. PAMPs are molecular components common to a variety of microorganisms but not found as a part of eukaryotic cells and include: 

■ lipopolysaccharide (LPS) f...

The cells involved in innate immune responses such as phagocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages) and cells that release inflammatory mediators (basophils, mast cells and eosinophils) are designed to recognize only a few highly conserved structures present in many different microorganisms. These cells recognize microbial structures called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in order to activate the innate immune response. PAMPs are molecular components common to a variety of microorganisms but not found as a part of eukaryotic cells and include: 

■ lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the Gram-negative cell wall 

■peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acids from the Gram-positive cell wall 

■ mannose (common in microbial glycolipids and glycoproteins but rare in humans) 

■ bacterial DNA 

■ N-formylmethionine found in bacterial proteins 

■ double-stranded RNA from viruses 

■ glucans from fungal cell walls.