6. Which one of the following statements concerning the reaction below is   not   true?

NADH + + CH₃CHO → + CH₃CH₂OH
(A) This reaction happens during vigorous muscle contraction.
(B) Oxidizing half reaction is CH₃CHO + → CH₃CH₂OH.
(C) Reduction half reaction is NADH → .
(D) CH₃CHO can be produced from pyruvate.
(E) None of above.

2. Which description is correct? (A) Every turn of a-helix is 3.6 Å in length. (B) Hydrogen bond in a-helix formed between residue i and i+3. (C) Heparin is glycosaminoglycan. (D) Collagen is full of a-helix structure and has Gly-X-Pro repeating sequence. (E) Orthologous genes are presumed to have been derived by gene duplication followed by gradual changes in the sequences of both copies.

複選題3. Which description is correct? (A) Glycogen is a homopolysaccharide form of glucose. (B) The galactose unit of the compound Gal(ẞ1→4) Glc residue is at the reducing end. (C) Starch is the most abundant polysaccharide in nature. (D) Gly residues are particularly abundant in a-keratin. (E) All amino acids in proteins are L-amino acids.

4. In the following enzyme reaction scheme, what sort of multi-enzyme kinetics are shown? (A) Ordered substrate binding with random product release. (B) Ordered substrate binding with ordered product release. (C) Random substrate binding with ordered product release. (D) Random substrate binding with random product release. (E) Ping-pong mechanism.

5. Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the synthesis of cAMP, and cAMP hydrolysis is catalyzed by a 5'-phosphodiesterase. If caffeine inhibits 5-phosphodiesterases, drinking a caffeinated beverage would  _____ cAMP levels and _____ glycogen phosphorylase activity. (A) increase; decrease. (B) increase; increase. (C) decrease; decrease. (D) decrease; increase. (E) have no effect on; have no effect on.

7. Which of the below is   not   required for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA? (A) NAD+. (B) ATP. (C) Lipoic acid. (D) FAD. (E) CoA-SH.

8. Photosynthetic phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation appear to be generally similar processes, both consisting of ATP synthesis coupled to the transfer of electrons along an electron carrier chain. Which of the following is   not   true of both processes? (A) Both contain cytochromes and flavins in their electron carrier chains. (B) Both processes are associated with membranous elements of the cell. (C) Both use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor. (D) Each represents the major route of ATP synthesis in those cells in which it is found. (E) Protons are pumped from the inside to the outside of both mitochondria and chloroplast membranes.

9. A new compound isolated from mitochondria is claimed to represent a previously unrecognized carrier in the electron transfer chain. It is given the name coenzyme Z. Which line of evidence do you feel is the   least   conclusive in assigning this compound a position in the electron transfer chain? (A) Alternate oxidation and reduction of the mitochondrion-bound coenzyme Z can be readily demonstrated. (B) Removal of coenzyme Z from the mitochondria results in a decreased rate of oxygen consumption. (C) The rate of oxidation and reduction of mitochondrion-bound coenzyme is of the same order of magnitude as the overall rate of electron transfer in mitochondria as measured by oxygen consumption. (D) The reduction potential of Z is between that of two compounds known to participate in the electron transport chain. (E) When added to a mitochondrial suspension, coenzyme Z is taken up very rapidly and specifically by the mitochondria.

10. Which one is   not   a component of plasma membrane? (A) Phospholipids. (B) Glycolipids. (C) Cholesterol. (D) Triacylglycerol. (E) Phosphatidylcholine.

11. Which one is   not   a second messenger derived from membrane lipid? (A) Diacylglycerol (DAG). (B) Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). (C) Arachidonic acid. (D) Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). (E) Cardiolipin.

12. Which one is   not   required for fatty acid synthesis? (A) NADPH. (B) NADH. (C) Acetyl Co-A. (D) Malonyl-CoA. (E) Fatty acid synthase.