7. The nuclear lamina is an array of intermediate filaments that line the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a chemical treatment caused the lamina to disassemble, what would you expect to be the most likely immediate consequence?
(A) closing of nuclear pores
(B) the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division
(C) a loss of genetic information from chromosomes
(D) a change in the shape of the nucleus

3. Why a modern transmission electron microscope (TEM) can achieve a resolution of about 0.2 nanometers, whereas a standard light microscope has a maximum resolution of about 200 nanometers? (A) Glass lenses in light microscopes refract light, which reduces resolution. (B) Contrast is enhanced by staining with atoms of heavy metal. (C) Electron beams have much shorter wavelengths than visible light. (D) The electron microscope has a much greater ratio of image size to real size.

4. Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? (A) Prokaryotic cells have cell walls, while eukaryotic cells do not. (B) Eukaryotic cells have flagella, while prokaryotic cells do not. (C) Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. (D) Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.

5. Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells? (A) mitochondria (B) ribosomes (C) chloroplasts (D) endoplasmic reticulum

6. What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? (A) It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus. (B) It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA. (C) It synthesizes secreted proteins. (D) It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.

8. A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely. (A) producing large quantities of proteins for secretion (B) producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol (C) producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix (D) producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole

9. Which structure below is independent of the endomembrane system? (A) nuclear envelope (B) chloroplast (C) Golgi apparatus (D) endoplasmic reticulum

10. Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? (A) lysosome (B) mitochondrion (C) Golgi apparatus (D) peroxisome

11. Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _______. (A) chloroplasts (B) mitochondria (C) lysosomes (D) nuclei

12. The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved _________. (A) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell - the endosymbiont evolved into chloroplasts (B) endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic archaeal cell in a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen - the anaerobic archaea evolved into chloroplasts (C) endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell - the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria (D) evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

13. Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through ________. (A) plasmodesmata (B) tight junctions (C) desmosomes (D) gap junctions