8. A cylinder is fitted with a movable piston. The pressure inside the cylinder is P, and the volume is V. What is the new pressure in the system when the piston decreases the volume of the cylinder by half?
(A)(1/4)P_i
(B)(1/2)P_i
(C)2P_i
(D)2V_iP_i
(E)P_i²

1. Which of the following pairs of compounds can be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions? (A)NH₃ and NCl₃ (B)ZnO and ZnCl₂ (C)H₂O and HF (D)NO and NO₂ (E)CH₄ and CO₂

2. Which of the following compounds has the same percent composition by mass as styrene? (A)acetylene, C₂H₂ (B)benzene, C₆H₆ (C)cyclobutadiene, C₄H₄ (D)α-ethyl naphthalene, C₁₂H₁₂ (E)all of these

3. wPCl₅ + xH₂O → yPOCl₃ + zHCl When the equation is properly balanced, what are the coefficients? (A)w = 1, x = 2, y = 2, z = 4 (B)w = 2, x = 2, y = 2, z = 2 (C)w = 2, x = 2, y = 1, z = 2 (D)w = 1, x = 1, y = 2, z = 2 (E)none of these

4. Consider five solutions that all have the same mass of solute in 100.0 mL of solution. Which has the highest concentration as measured in molarity? (A)KCl (B)NaCl (C)Na₂SO₄ (D)NaF (E)CaCl₂

5. High concentrations of aqueous solutions of potassium hydroxide and copper(II) nitrate are mixed together. Which statement is correct? (A)both KNO₃ and Cu(OH)₂ precipitate from solution (B)no precipitate forms (C)Cu(OH)₂ will precipitate from solution (D)KNO₃ will precipitate from solution (E)no reaction will occur

6. A solution contains the ions Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, and Ni²⁺. Dilute solutions of NaCl, Na₂SO₄, and Na₂S are available to separate the positive ions from each other. In order to effect separation, the solutions should be added in which order? (A)Na₂SO₄, NaCl, Na₂S (B)Na₂SO₄, Na₂S, NaCl (C)Na₂S, NaCl, Na₂SO₄ (D)NaCl, Na₂S, Na₂SO₄ (E)NaCl, Na₂SO₄, Na₂S

7. Which of the following reactions does not involve oxidation-reduction? (A)CH₄ + 2O₂ → 2H₂O + CO₂ (B)Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂ (C)2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂ (D)MnO₂ + 4HCl → Cl₂ + 2H₂O + MnCl₂ (E)NaOH + HBr → H₂O + NaBr

9. How many of the gases at STP are less dense than air at STP? NH₃, He, Kr, and F₂ (A)0 (B)1 (C)2 (D)3 (E)4

10. The kinetic-molecular theory of gases does not assume that (A)gases are made up of tiny particles in constant chaotic motion (B)gas particles are very small compared to the average distance between the particles (C)gas particles collide with the walls of their container in elastic collisions (D)the average velocity of gas particles is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (E)all of these are correct

11. Order the following according to increasing rate of effusion: F₂, Cl₂, NO, NO₂, CH₄ (A)Cl₂ ＜ NO₂ ＜ F₂ ＜ NO ＜ CH₄ (B)Cl₂ ＜ F₂ ＜ NO₂ ＜ CH₄ ＜ NO (C)CH₄ ＜ NO ＜ NO₂ ＜ F₂ ＜ Cl₂ (D)CH₄ ＜ NO₂ ＜ F₂ ＜ NO ＜ Cl₂ (E)NO₂ ＜ Cl₂ ＜ NO ＜ F₂ ＜ CH₄

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