8. Which one is the basic unit for lipid synthesis?
(A)Malonyl Co-A
(B) Choline
(C)Phosphatic acid
(D) Glycerophospholipid
(E) Squalene

4. If the of the reaction A →B is -40 kJ/mol, under standard conditions the reaction: (A) is at equilibrium. (B) will never reach equilibrium. (C) will not occur spontan neously. (D) will proceed spontancously from left to right. (E) will proceed spontancously from right to left.

5. In hemoglobin, the transition from T state to R state (low to high affinity) is triggered by: (A) binding. (B) heme binding. (C) oxygen binding. (D) subunit association. (E) subunit dissociation. 

6. Which one of the following statements about Pentosc Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is false?  1. The enzyne transaidolase is used twice and the enzyme transketolase is used once in PPP. 2. The enzyme phosphopentose isomerase is characterized by it converts an aldose to a ketose.  3. Two-carbon shift reactions is catalyzed by transketolase. 4. NADPH and xylulose-S-phosphate are products in the oxidative reaction. 5. Glucose-6-phosphate will be channeled into the PPP if NADPH is needed. (A) 1, 2, and 3 are false. (B) 1, 4, and 5 are false. (C) 1 and 2 are false. (D) 2, 3, and 4 are false. (E) None is false.

7. Which one is an ω-6 fatty acid? (A)(B)(C) (D)(E)

9. Which one regarding the compartmentalization of lipid metabolism is incorrect? (A) Fatty acid oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. (B) Ketone body synthesis takes place in the mitochondria. (C) Late stages of sterol synthesis take place in the ER. (D) Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytosol. (E) Acetyl-CoA is produced in the cytosol.

10. Which one is a secondary active transporter? (B) SERCA punp (A) GLUTI (C) Acetylcholine receptor (D) Lactose H+transporter (E) Caveolin

11. Which one is involved in HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport to the liver? (A)ABCA I(B) Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) (C) Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (D) HMG-CoA reductase (E) Acetyl-CoA Carboxylasc

12. Starch is a high molecular weight polymer of D-glucose in α1→4 linkage. It is synthesized by starch synthase, which transfers glucose residues from _______to preexisting starch molecules. (A) glucose 6-phosphate (B) ATP-glucose (C) ADP-glucose (D) sucrose (E) glucose 1-phosphate

13. Which of the following descriptions about the melting temperatures of the fatty acids are correct? (A) 1,3, and 4 only (B) 3,4, and 6 only (C) 2,3, and 5 only (D) 3 and 6 only (E) 1 and 4 only

14. Oxidative stress results when the superoxide anion () is formed as a side reaction of mitochondrial electron transport. This oxygen anion radical is made nontoxic by the action of enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix. Which of the following enzymes acts on two , converting then to one molecule of water and one of H2O2? (A) Glutathione reductase. (B) Superoxide hydroxylase. (C) Glutathione peroxidase. (D) Glutathione. (E) Superoxide dismutase.