88. ________ refers to appropriate incorporation of an L1 (first language) structure or rule in L2 (second language) structure.
(A) Interference
(B) Positive transfer
(C) Negative transfer
(D) Positive evidence

44. (A) biological (B) regulatory (C) economic (D) defensive

45. (A) diagnosis (B) dynamic (C) dynamite (D) dilemma

46. (A) challenged (B) challenging (C) compromised (D) compromising

47. According to the passage, why might animals from pounds be euthanized? (A) They are too old or sick. (B) They do not get along with other animals. (C) There is a lack of space and resources. (D) They have not been trained properly.

48. Why is the ASPCA statistic mentioned in the passage? (A) To provide evidence supporting the need for pet adoption. (B) To highlight the success of the ASPCA in rescuing animals. (C) To illustrate the popularity of animal shelters. (D) To argue that animal shelters need more funding.

49. Which of the following sentences is a distractor irrelevant to the thesis statement or the topic. (A) Acquiring a pet not only provides them with a nurturing home but also confers numerous benefits to their new owners. (B) Firstly, a child feels gratified by rescuing an abandoned or mistreated animal and giving it a new life. (C) Governments do not seem to care. (D) Furthermore, those from the pound often come with complimentary initial vaccinations… to economize on initial veterinary expenses.

50. What does the passage imply by referring to pets as “mood enhancers”? (A) Pets can help improve emotional well-being and serve as companions. (B) Pets often require a lot of attention and care from their owners. (C) Pets are known to be expensive and demand a financial commitment. (D) Pets can sometimes cause stress and anxiety for their owners.

51. How does the author’s use of examples from different language communities contribute to the overall message of the text? (A) It provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges faced by endangered languages. (B) It highlights the diversity of languages and the need for their preservation. (C) It illustrates contrasting perspectives on technology in efforts to restore languages. (D) It showcases the author’s extensive knowledge of different language communities.

52. What is the significance of the author’s statement, “Without linguistic diversity, we really wouldn’t be human”? (A) It implies that the loss of languages is a threat to human evolution. (B) It suggests that language is the defining characteristic of humanity. (C) It highlights the role of language in scientific research and understanding of the brain. (D) It emphasizes the importance of language in shaping human identity and culture.

53. According to the passage, how are small language communities using technology to preserve their languages? (A) by shunning modern technology and depending on conventional approaches (B) by leveraging technology to extend their influence and maintain their viability (C) by utilizing technology to create new languages for communities to use (D) by using technology to communicate with various other communities

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