9. Which of the following RNA molecules exhibit catalytic activity?
(A) mRNA
(B) tRNA
(C) rRNA
(D) miRNA
(E) siRNA

10. Which amino acids are exclusively ketogenic? (A) Arginine and lysine (B) Lysine and leucine (C) Methionine and serine (D) Tryptophan only (E) Valine and isoleucine

11. Which post-translational modifications can occur in the serine residue of a protein? (A) Glycosylation (B) Lipidation (C) Nitrosylation (D) Ubiquitination (E) All the above

12. Which of the following is NOT a common feature shared by most transduction systems for hormones and sensory stimuli that involve trimeric G proteins? (A) Cyclic nucleotides (B) Nuclear receptors (C) Receptors that interact with a G protein (D) Receptors with multiple transmembrane segments (E) Self-inactivation

13. The plasma membrane of E. coli consists of approximately 75% lipids and 25% proteins by weight. For each protein molecule with an average molecular weight (Mr) of 50,000, how many membrane lipid molecules (average Mr 750) are present? (A) 2 (B) 20 (C) 200 (D) 2,000 (E) 20,000

14. Which of the following statements is true regarding monoclonal antibodies when compared to polyclonal antibodies? (A) They are labeled with chemicals that can be visualized (B) They are produced by cells from the same organism that produced the antigen (C) They are synthesized by a population of identical, or "cloned," cells (D) They are synthesized only in living organisms (E) They have only a single polypeptide chain that can recognize an antigen

15. Which molecule is involved in HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) to the liver? (A) Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) (B) Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) (C) ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) (D) Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) (E) Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs)

16. Identify the correct monomers for starch and glycogen from the following options: (A) α-D-glucose (B) β-D-glucose (C) Fructose (D) glucose 1-phosphate (E) sucrose

17. What can lead to the development of the human genetic disease phenylketonuria (PKU)? (A) A deficiency of protein in the diet (B) Overproduction of ketone bodies (C) Lack of phenylalanine decarboxylase (D) Deficiency in aromatic amino acid transaminase (E) Lack of an enzyme required for converting phenylalanine to tyrosine

18. Which transport process requires the input of energy? (A) Facilitated diffusion (B) Passive diffusion (C) Secondary active transport (D) All of the above (E) None of the above

19. Which structural feature is most prevalent in myosin molecules? (A) The α helix (B) The β structure (C) The Fab domain (D) The light chain (E) The meromyosin domain

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