(a) (6 points) Describe uncertainty principle in quantum physics. A particle is conined within a box which has a size of order d. Give an approximate expression for the kinetic energy of the particle (due to quantum effect) in non-relativistic regime.

(1) (10 points) The spectrum of a star can tell us some of its important properties. Choose three different types. of properties that you can get from the spectrum of a star. Describe the physics behind each of your choices.

(a) (6 points) Describe and explain the phenomena of interference and diffraction in the context of wave theory of light.

(b) (14 points) A thin film of thickness 500 nm is placed in vacuum. A visible light source with wavelengths from 360 nm to 720 nm is incident normally on the thin fim and found that 400 nm and 600 nm are missing in the relected light. Find the minimum possible refractive index of the thin flm. For this refractive index, what wavelengths are reilected most strongly from the thin flm? What wavelengths are transmitted most strongly through the thin film?

(a) (10 points) Consider the Earth as a sphere of mass with radius RE. Derive, with the help of a diagram, the tidal force exerted by the Moon on the Earth's surface. (Hint: assume the distance between the Moon and the Earth deM is much larger than RE.]

(b) (10 points) The ratio between the tidal force exerted by the Moon to that exerted by the Sun is 7 to 3. Estimate the ratio of the average density of the Moon to that of the Sun. [State clear the assumptions you made and the extra information (if any) that you used.]

(a) (10 points) In a polar coordinate system, the unit vector in the direction of r is and in the direction of Φ is . The coordinates of a particle in this coordinate is (r(t), Φ(t)). What is its position vector of the particle? Work out the velocity and acceleration of the particle in the directions The Sun is at the origin of a polar coordinate system. A planet is orbiting the Sun in elliptical orbit. Its distance from the Sun is r. The angle between its position vector and the semi-major axis of the orbit is Φ. The three Kepler's laws can be expressed as: First law:where P is the orbital period, e is the eccentricity, a is the semi-major axis, and b =is the semi-minor axis.

(b) (5 points) Show that the acceleration in the direction is zero.

(C) (15 points) Show that the acceleration in the direction is inversely proportional to r2.

(b) (7 points) A sphere of ionized nuclei and electrons has radius R and mass M (the sphere is neutral as a whole). Suppose the sphere is cold enough that the internal energy of the sphere is dominated by the quantum motion of electrons. If the total kinetic energy of the electrons is roughly the same as the total Coulomb binding energy, the relation between the radius and the mass can be approximated as . Find a.

(C) (7 points) Now if the total kinetic energy of the electrons in (b) is roughly the same as the total gravitational energy of the sphere (neglect Coulomb interaction), once again the relation between the radius and the mass can be approximated as

110年 - 110 國立中央大學_碩士班招生考試_天文研究所：物理與天文#103893