⑴助航設施

⑴ Any authority responsible for the safe and efficient flow of traffic and at the same time for the protection of the population and the environment in a certain area has a great number of instruments available to pursue these goals. Each instrument has its particular area of application but may simultaneously have a subsidiary function in other areas, thus generating added value in the process of interaction.

⑵ The pilot is in charge of the navigation of the ship while aboard and the ship’s crew is required to obey the compulsory pilot’s orders relating to navigation unless the master determines it is necessary to intercede for reasons yet to be discussed. In the presence of the compulsory pilot, a master’s responsibility is not total and forever. Both master and pilot bear an unusual degree of responsibility not only to the vessel, cargo, and crew, but also to the public.

⑴引水人執行領航業務時，應攜帶執業證書及有關證件，如遇船長索閱時，引水人 不得拒絕。

⑵港口設立船舶交通服務之目的在於加強區域內船舶航行及錨泊之安全、保護海洋 環境及維持一個有秩序之交通流。

⑵搜索與救助

⑶海事報告

⑷人為過失

四、Please write a short composition on “The training of a pilot”. （around 300 words） （30 分）

⑴未出生前之胎兒是否有享受權利負擔義務之民事權利能力？（7 分）

⑵一方以詐欺、脅迫的手段使對方在違背真實意思的情況下所為同意免除債務之單 獨行為，其效力如何？（9 分）