A.(6 points) Define Ricardian equivalence.

B. (7 points) What is the level of private savings in this economy?

C.(7 points) If the budget defcit rises to 70, how are private savings affected?

II. Essay Questions (20 points) Employees with high levels of well-being tend to be healthier, motivated, have better job performance and supervisor ratings as well as to contribute to organizational creativity and innovation. In fact, when employees experience a lack of well-being, negative consequences, such as burnout, stress, job dissatisfaction, excessive absenteeism, and ultimately turnover. The relationship between employee well-being and organizational outcomes is even more critical for service organizations, in which employees are the key success factors in a highly competitive business environment. Discuss and give examples of how to enhance employee well-being in service industries by managers and service firms. (Note: In developing your answer, be sure to give a rationale as to why the concepts and theories are the most relevant and appropriate for the situation described.)

III. Essay Questions (20 points) Relationship quality arises from theory and research in relationship marketing. The ultimate goal is to strengthen already strong relationships and convert indifferent customers into loyal ones. The concept of relationship quality includes customer satisfaction, trust, and commitment. Relationship quality is widely recognized as both a key to developing loyal customers and an important predictor of customer post-purchase behavior. Discuss how to enhance relationship quality by service employees and service firms. (Note: In developing your answer, be sure to give a rationale as to why the concepts and theories are the most relevant and appropriate for the situation described.)

1. Consider the following elementary reactions: What temperature progression and reactor types would you recommended if the desired product is: (a) R, (b) S, (c) T, and (d) U. (20%)

2. Monobutylphthalate and butanol react in the presence of H2SO4 forming dibutylphthalate and water. Reaction can be carried out in the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The reactants are placed in two separate tanks containing 0.4 mol/liter of monobutylphthalate and 2 mol/liter of butanol and fed to the reactor under 10 liter/h and 30 liter/h, respectively. The reactants are mixed before entering the reactor. The reaction rate constant is k = liter/(mol.min). Calculate the CSTR volume when conversion is 60%. (Reaction rate expression:   (20%)

3. Enzyme E catalyze the fermentation of substrate A to product R. Find the size of the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) needed for 90% conversion of A in a feed stream (20 liter/min) of A (1 mol/liter) and enzyme. The kinetics of the fermentation at this enzyme concentration are given by (20%)

4. A liquid phase reaction A → R + S takes place in a system consisting of a CSTR and a plug flow reactor (PFR) with recycle. One introduces 2 kmol/m3 of reagent A into the first reactor (CSTR). Both CSTR and PFR operate isothermally at 400oC and atmospheric pressure. The volume of the first reactor is 0.086 m3 and the inlet flow is 3.2 m3/ks. The conversion at the outlet of the PFR is 90%. It is a first-order reaction and the reaction rate is (-rA) = 8 CA kmol/(m3.h). Calculate the PFR volume considering a recycle ratio of R = 1. (20%)

5. Consider the following elementary reactions:   What reactor type gives the maximum yield of S? Roughly estimates this yield and the fractional conversion of A which will give this yield. (20%)

1.請說明威權领導(authoritarinleadership)與不當督導(abusive supervision的異同處。

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