(一)許多社會學者研究顯示,家庭背景與學生的學習表現有密切的關係,即高社經地位的家庭,其子女在校平均成績表現明顯高於低社經地位者,甚至改善校園學習環境也無法彌補家庭背景不同所造成的落差。試引述相關的社會學理論,解釋上述現象的前因後果,並嘗試提出你個人的教育改革方案,以提升低社經地位學生的學習競爭力。

1. These groups can all be considered as "New religious movements" (NRMs). There is no scholarly consensus on a definition of NRMs, except that they are "new" at the time of their appearance in a particular place. How long do they stay "new"? According to one vicw, the novelty of NRMs is a function of their being exotic foreign implants- a conception which is too coloured by the Western experience of Asian-originated NRMs (and bence exotic to Westerners), to be of any comparative analytical value. By another perspective, an NRM is a group whose membership consists entirely of new converts, without second-generation believers. On the other hand, groups almost 200 years old, such as the Mormons, are still often considered as NRMs. Most Western NRM scholarship has focused on groups that appeared in the West after World War II; the term "NRM," however, is derived from the Japanese shinshukyo 新宗教,or shinko shikyo 新興宗教whichin Japanese scholarship, efers to religious groups wbich have emerged since the mid 19th century. Chinese cases have only recently entered academic discussions of NRMs, referring to studies of groups such as Yiguandao, the qigong movement and Falungong.

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