(二)問答題
1. Please explain and distinguish substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation.

2. What is the current model for flower organ formation? According to this model, which class (es) of genes determine the formation of sepal, petal, stamen, and carpel, respectively?

3. Define and give examples of the four ways (tropic, nastic, morphogenic, and taxis) that a plant or a cell can respond to a stimulus.

1. The position of a particle moving in circular motion in the xy plane is = 3cos(2t) î + 3sin(2t)j, where r is in meters and t is in seconds. What is the period of the circular motion?_____

2. An object with mass m is hanging from a wire attached to the ceiling of an elevator. The elevator is moving downward and has a downward acceleration of magnitude a. The gravitational acceleration is g. Find the magnitude of the tension of the wire. _____

3. The position of a particle of mass m kg is given by x(t)=At3+B, where A and B are constants, and the unit of x is in meter, and t is in second. Find the instantaneous net power done on this particle at t=2 s._____

4. A bullet of mass m strikes a stationary block of mass M from below with a speed u. The mass of M is three times of m (M=3 m). After the collision, the bullet embeds in the block. The gravitational acceleration is g. To what height does the block rise? Express your answer by u and g. _____

5. A mass m is connected to two springs, with spring constants k1 and k2, as shown in the figure. Find the oscillation period for this configuration. _____

6. The maximum oscillation speed of a string carrying a sinusoidal wave is . When the displacement of a point on the string is half its maximum, what is the oscillation speed of the point?_____

7. The ideal Diesel cycle is shown in the figure, where a to b and c to d are adiabatic processes, b to c is constant pressure compression, and d to a is constant volume process. The temperature at a, b, c, d points are , and , respectively. The ratio of molar specific heat at constant pressure to that at constant volume is γ = Cp/Cv = 5/3. Find the entropy change (ΔS) of the engine after a complete cycle: a → b → c → d →a._____

8. Same conditions as the ideal Diesel cycle mentioned in above question, find the efficiency of the engine._____

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