(2). Spoilage can be a significant cost for many organizations. Discuss when spoilage might happen and how the costs of normal spoilage get allocated. (4%)

4. ABC Company is interested in replacing a machine with a new one. The old machine has a salvage value of $20,000 now and no salvage value 3 years later, if rebuilt. If the old machine is kept, it must be rebuilt one year after at a predicted cost of $30,000. The new machine costs $120,000 and had a predicted salvage value of $25,000 at the end of three years. If purchased, the new machine will allow cash savings of $40,000 for the first year and $20,000 for each year of its remaining life. The cash savings all occur at the end of the respective year. Required: What is the net present value of purchasing the new machine if ABC Company has a required rate of return of 14%? (15%) 5. XYZ Company makes a special kind of television called HD. To produce HD, XYZ used $10,000,000 of assets at the beginning of 2018 and $14,000,000 of assets at the end of 2018. Other costs to produce HD are as follows: Direct materials $6,000 per unit Direct labor $100 per direct labor hour Indirect manufacturing cost $200 per machine hour The marketing costs for HD are $800,000 in 2018. During 2018, XYZ produced and sold 1,000 units of HD using 8,000 direct labor hours and 6,000 machine hours. HD is sold for $10,000 each. Required: (1). Assuming XYZ defines investment as average assets during the period, calculate the return on investment for HD. (10%)

(2). Calculate the residual income for HD if XYZ has a required rate of return of \(8\%\). (10%)

6. Taipei Company produces basketballs that it sells for $40 each. At capacity, Taipei can produce 60,000 units a year. The costs of producing and selling 60,000 units are as follows: | | Unit cost | Total costs | | --- | --- | --- | | Direct materials | $15 | $900,000 | | Direct labor | $4 | $240,000 | | Variable manufacturing overhead | $3 | $180,000 | | Fixed manufacturing overhead | $6 | $360,000 | | Variable marketing costs | $4 | $240,000 | | Fixed marketing costs | $3 | $180,000 | Required: Suppose Taipei Company is currently producing and selling 50,000 basketballs. Tainan Company wants to place a one-time only special order for 8,000 basketballs at $25 each. Taipei Company will not incur variable marketing costs for this special order. Should Taipei Company accept this order? Please show your calculations. (15%)

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