(B) Hildegard of Bingen

(A) 第 10 小節第二個八分音符的和弦級數反映了何種和聲手法？(3%)

(B) 第 14 小節，第一個四分音符的和聲是使用了什麼手法？(3%)

(C) 此作品的曲式為何？(4%)

2. SEL（Social and Emotional Learning，社會情緒學習）目前是教育新興的議題，現今教育 部於 2025 年 2 月公布「社會情緒學習(SEL)中長程計畫」（114-118 年），宣布 SEL 正式納 入十二年國教，請說明 SEL 的核心能力有哪些？並請舉例如何融入於音樂科教學當中。 (15%)

3. 音樂家的誕辰或逝世週年，往往是音樂界的重要紀念時刻。通常以整數年份，例如 50、 100、150、200、250……等週年，最具紀念意義。請列舉一位在 2026 年適逢誕辰或逝世整 數週年的作曲家，並寫出該音樂家的原文姓名（依其國籍語言書寫）及紀念週年數。接著， 請從中選擇一位作曲家，撰寫一段課堂開場介紹，說明此音樂家對音樂史的重要貢獻。內 容需包含雙語呈現（原文與英文），作為課堂導入之用。(15%)

1. Describe your ethical principles you would adopt when guiding students to use AI as a learning tool.

2. Propose concrete assessment strategies to ensure students’ genuine language development.

3. Describe the challenges you’ve encountered so far when using AI in the classroom and provide your solutions.

VI. Integrated Reading Test DesignPlease follow the instructions below to design integrated reading tasks suitable for the new General Scholastic Ability Test. Please use different kinds of question types for these integrated reading tasks, including multiple-answer questions, matching, ordering, fill-in-the-blank, table/chart/organizer completion, short-answer questions, true-false questions, and so on. Provid at least      two      different question types and the correct answers for each question. It’s not necessary to rewrite the article.      Across many cities, historic districts have been revitalized in the name of cultural preservation. Old streets are restored, traditional crafts are displayed, and local customs are carefully packaged for visitors. At first glance, such efforts appear to  protect the past from disappearance. Yet preservation, when shaped by tourism and commerce, often transforms what it claims to save.      In revitalized districts, tradition rarely survives unchanged. Rituals are rescheduled to suit visitors’ timetables, and handmade objects are redesigned to meet modern tastes. What was once embedded in daily life becomes something to be observed, photographed, and consumed. This does not necessarily strip tradition of all meaning, but it alters its function. Culture shifts from lived experience to curated display. Supporters argue that without economic incentives, many traditions would vanish entirely. Tourism provides income, visibility, and renewed interest, especially among younger generations. From this perspective, adaptation is not betrayal but survival. A tradition that refuses to change may remain pure, yet isolated and fragile. Critics, however, caution that excessive commercialization creates a shallow version of heritage. When cultural practices are simplified for easy consumption, their historical complexity is often lost. Visitors may leave with images and souvenirs, but little understanding of the values or struggles that shaped the culture in the first place. In such cases, preservation risks becoming performance.      The tension lies not between preservation and change, but between autonomy and external demand. Cultural revitalization succeeds only when communities reclaim the authority to define what is preserved and why. When decisions are driven primarily by capital, authenticity becomes a marketing illusion. Ultimately, preserving culture demands more than restoring buildings; it demands protecting the agency of those who inherit the tradition. Without this, preservation may succeed visually while failing culturally—a reminder that what endures is not what attracts attention, but what remains meaningful to those who live with it.

VII. Cloze Test Design      Write a summary of the passage and design five multiple-choice cloze questions for 11 th graders. Each question must include answer choices: (A), (B), (C), and (D), with one of them being the best answer. Answers to each question must be provided.      Mammals are characterized by a more upright limb posture compared to their early ancestors, a trait often considered important in their evolutionary history. However, the earliest ancestors of modern mammals moved with sprawled limbs, similar to those of reptiles. For decades, scientists believed that the transition from a sprawled to an upright posture followed a gradual and linear path. Yet exactly how, why, and when this change occurred has long remained unclear.     A recent study published in Science Advances challenges this traditional view. By combining fossil evidence with advanced biomechanical modeling, researchers investigated how limb function evolved over 300 million years. They first examined living animals with different limb postures—from sprawled lizards to semi-upright alligators and fully upright mammals—to better understand how anatomy influences movement. They then applied these principles to digital models of extinct species.     Using engineering-based simulations, the researchers calculated each species’ “feasible force space,” a three-dimensional representation of how much force a limb can produce in different directions. This measurement reflects overall locomotor performance, since animals must generate sufficient force to run, turn, or maintain balance. By comparing fossil species across time, the team discovered that locomotor performance did not steadily improve toward upright posture. Instead, it peaked and declined repeatedly, suggesting a complex and nonlinear evolutionary pattern.     Some extinct species appeared capable of shifting between sprawled and more upright positions, while others showed reversals toward more sprawled postures. The findings indicate that the full set of traits associated with modern upright mammals likely evolved much later than previously assumed, probably near the common ancestor of therian mammals.     Overall, the findings suggest that evolutionary transitions are rarely simple or linear. Advances in digital modeling now allow scientists to reconsider long-standing assumptions and reveal a far more dynamic picture of how mammals—and perhaps other groups—evolved.

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