(a) Please explain overfitting. (4pt)

1. Given integers m, n, and an integer array arr[m][n] filled with non-negative integers, use dynamic programming technique to implement a program to find a path from top-left to bottom-right which minimizes the sum of all numbers along the path. You can only move down or right at any point. Your program only needs to output the sum. A sample test case input is given below. Implement your program in C, C++, Java, or Python. Note: The sample solution walks from the top-left in the order： 4 → 1 → 1 → 0 → 0 → 4

(a) Determine the value of FN and FP in Table 1. (4pt)

(b) If a person receive a negative test result, what is the probability that he is healthy? (3pt)

(c) Determine the prevalence of lung cancer based on the result given in Table 1. (3pt)

(b) Which of the following images belongs to to overfitting? (2pt)

(c) How to avoid this phenomenon? (4pt)

4. Please explain “TCP three-way handshake process” with diagram.

4. Consider a weighted graph (the edges show the costs) as follows. Please use the Kruskal Algorithm to get the corresponding minimum (cost) spanning tree. Not only the result but also the whole procedure steps should be presented in your answer.

3. Consider the following processes. Please draw the schedules (Gantt Chart) and calculate the average waiting time for the Preemptive Shortest Job First, and Round Robin (time-quantum = 4 ms) scheduling policies, respectively.

2. Alice writes the following code and expects that the process prints “Hello Kitty” four times. However, the process prints “Hello Kitty” three times only! Please describe the reason why Alice’s code prints “Hello Kitty” three times instead of four.

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