(b) Draw a one-component phase diagram (pressure-temperature) and use phase rule to rationalize your diagram. [Hint: Why "point", "line" or "area" in the diagram] (10%)

2. What are "system" and the "standard state" in thermodynamics? (10 %)

3. On a pressure-volume plot, why the curves are steeper for an adiabatic process compared to isothermal process. [Hint: You should provide equations and explain the physics behind the equations you present] (10%)

4. Draw a two-component, temperature-composition, solid-liquid diagram for a system where compound of formula AB2 forms that melts incongruently, and there is a negligible solid-solid solubility. Label the regions of the diagrams, stating what materials are present and whether they are solid or liquid. (15 %)

(a) Derive the phase rule. (10%)

6. Derive the Clapeyron equation for liquid-vapor boundary: [Hint: Starting with the concept that the chemical potentials must be equal when two phases are in equilibrium] (10%)

7. For polymers, the glass transition and melting are either "first-order" or "second- order" phase transition? Please explain your answer. (10%)

8. Molecular bromine is 24 % dissociated at 1600 K and 1.00 bar in the equilibriumCalculate equilibrium constant K at (1) 1600 K, (iil) 2000 K given that the standard reaction enthalpy over the temperature range. (15%)

一、文言作文  《史記．游俠列傳》： 「及若季次、原憲，閭巷人也，讀書懷獨行君子之德，義不茍合當世，當世亦笑之。故季次、原憲終身空室蓬戶，褐衣疏食不厭。死而已四百餘 年，而弟子志之不倦。」季次、原憲生前窮困潦倒，世人笑之，然沒而弟子永志不忘。現今世局動盪，社會變遷紛擾，世人熙熙攘攘，汲汲營營。請以「知識份子應 如何處世」為題，說明個人之體認及自許。

二、白話作文題目：請在閱讀過李維菁的文章後，以「物質」、「精神」和「情感」為軸，自訂題目，寫一篇六百至一千字的短文。      物質是很重要的。在物質上慷慨的人，在情感上未必大方。但物質上吝嗇的人，在情感上必然吝嗇。      心意光用嘴巴說，卻沒禮物，這種人絕對不可信。那感覺就像是懷念祖先，用心就好，何必掃墓祭祖。很重朋友，何必寫信電話或見面。總在夜裡懷念舊人，所以根本不需照片。      現實是不去掃墓你三年都不會想起列祖列宗。不連絡見面，卻說是好友，這種話是做直銷的愛講。不翻照片，你不追悔曾辜負過誰。人沒有那樣高尚。形式很重要。      所有藝術史的演進就是物質與形式的一再革命與突破。以詩為例，因為既有的語言表達方式再也不能表達內心激切的感情了，因此打破了現有的形式，打碎了慣例，創造新的語言型態，滿足那份亟欲溝通的渴望。視覺藝術的進程也出自物質形式的一再變革，因為對這世界的看法新穎充沛，必須創造新的物質組合，形式到位，精神的進步相隨，前衛因此誕生。      愛情也是，必然飽含某種創造性的欲望。將心意轉化成某種印記，對過往賦予重要性與象徵性。物質是虛幻情意的穩固支點，物質與精神從來不站在對立面，而是彼此的救贖。      這不是拜金戀物，我真正明白物質的美好。      我身邊就有這樣的人，每天說思念，跟你談傅柯，卻連一杯美式咖啡的錢都不願替你付。還有長髮瀟灑男，你從家裡帶出兩顆大水梨，他吃完他手上的，還指著要你手上的那顆。你聽到他說，你家反正比較有錢，你常吃。      一個習慣掠奪或支配不屬於自己物質的人，必然貪婪無義。當我摩搓喀什米爾披肩，感受到頸項之間的細緻柔滑，我總覺得，情人不死也會跑，物質與回憶會天長地久。物質不滅定律，可情感無常。                                                   ----摘錄自李維菁《老派約會之必要》（台北：印科，2012）

1. (20 points) (a) Consider I mole of ideal gas undergoes a reversible isothermal expansion from V = 1 liter to 2 liters. The temperature is kept at 300 K. Please calculate the change of ertropy of the gas system. (10 points] (b) Now consider the same I mole of ideal gas undergoes an irreversible free expansion process such that the volume is changed from V= 1 liters to 2 liters. What is the change of entropy of the gas? [10 points]